Table 4 Variables associated with DFS according to the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

From: Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and tumor-related factors to predict lymph node metastasis in nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Variables

Univariable analysis

P

Multivariable analysis

P

HR

95%CI

HR

95%CI

Age (years)

  

0.144

   

 ≤60

Reference

     

 >60

1.649

0.843–3.225

    

Gender

  

0.028

  

0.066

 Female

Reference

  

Reference

  

 Male

2.113

1.084–4.119

 

NA

NA

 

Symptomatic diagnosis

  

0.059

   

 No

Reference

     

 Yes

2.050

0.973–4.321

    

Albumin (g/l)

  

0.668

   

 <35

Reference

     

 ≥35

1.366

0.328–5.685

    

AKT (U/l)

  

0.005

  

0.803

 <183

Reference

  

Reference

  

 ≥183

3.063

1.398–6.711

 

NA

NA

 

NLR

  

0.007

  

0.134

 <1.80

Reference

  

Reference

  

 ≥1.80

2.899

1.330–6.318

 

NA

NA

 

LMR

  

0.094

   

 <3.92

Reference

     

 ≥3.92

0.579

0.305–1.098

    

PLR

  

 < 0.001

  

0.021

 <168.25

Reference

  

Reference

  

 ≥168.25

3.359

1.748–6.455

 

2.310

1.134–4.708

 

CA199

  

0.173

   

 Normal

Reference

     

 Abnormal

1.546

0.826–2.896

    

CA125

  

0.675

   

 Normal

Reference

     

 Abnormal

1.205

0.505–2.875

    

CEA

  

0.437

   

 Normal

Reference

     

 Abnormal

1.411

0.592–3.364

    

AFP

  

0.767

   

 Normal

Reference

     

 Abnormal

1.153

0.45–2.951

    

ECOG

  

0.74

   

 0,1

Reference

     

 ≥2

1.191

0.424–3.364

    

Tumor size (cm)

  

0.350

   

 <2.5

Reference

     

 ≥ 2.5

1.482

0.650–3.381

    

Tumor location

  

0.175

   

 Head/uncinate/neck

Reference

     

 Body/tail

0.794

0.570–1.108

    

Ki-67 index

  

<0.001

  

0.001

 ≤2%

Reference

  

Reference

  

 3 to 20%

3.300

0.983–11.072

 

2.601

0.755–8.955

 

 >20%

12.681

3.627–44.336

 

9.088

2.377–34.755

 

Vascular invasion

  

0.002

  

0.416

 No

Reference

  

Reference

  

 Yes

3.224

1.541–6.741

 

NA

NA

 

LN metastases

  

<0.001

  

0.009

 No

Reference

  

Reference

  

 Yes

4.613

2.467–8.627

 

2.561

1.270–5.162

 
  1. DFS, disease-free survival; AKT, alkaline phosphatase; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; CA199, carbohydrate antigen 199; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; CA125, carbohydrate antigen 125; ECOG-PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; LN, Lymph node. P-value < 0.05 marked in bold font shows statistical significant.
Back to article page