Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: The unfolded protein response impacts melanoma progression by enhancing FGF expression and can be antagonized by a chemical chaperone

Figure 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Microarray analysis and gene set enrichment analysis after antagonizing the UPR using the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) in metastatic melanoma cells. (a–c) Expression of UPR markers after ER stress reduction using 4-PBA (1 mM in MIM for 48 hours) was determined by RT-qPCR (n = 3; data shown as mean ± sem). (d) Protein expression of GRP78 and CHOP was determined by immunoblotting in isogenic non-metastatic MCM1G and metastatic MCM1DLN cells after 4-PBA treatment (1 mM in MIM for 48 hours). One representative blot out of three independent experiments is shown. Uncropped immunoblot scans are shown in supplementary Fig. S9. (e) Illustration of the microarray setup and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using MCM1G, MCM1DLN, and MCM1DLN cells treated with 1 mM 4-PBA for 48 hours. (f) Heatmap of the mRNA expression pattern of altered growth factors in MCM1G, MCM1DLN and MCM1DLN cells treated with 1 mM PBA in MIM for 48 hours (data show two independent experiments performed in duplicates). CSF2, colony stimulating factor 2; MANF, mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor.

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