Table 2 Bioaccessible concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in the fresh market vegetables in the gastric, small intestinal, and colon phases (n = 3).

From: Investigation of bioaccessibility of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in market vegetables in the colon using PBET combined with SHIME

Samples

Cu

Fe

Mn

Zn

M1

LT-G

0.4 ± 0.1

7.1 ± 0.6

1.7 ± 0.1

2.8 ± 0.1

LT-I

0.8 ± 0.1

7.3 ± 0.2

1.5 ± 0.1

2.6 ± 0.2

LT-C

0.7 ± 0.2

7.0 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.3

3.2 ± 0.2

PC-G

0.4 ± 0.0

7.2 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.2

2.5 ± 0.1

PC-I

0.5 ± 0.0

7.2 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.1

PC-C

0.3 ± 0.1

6.7 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.3

1.4 ± 0.1

CL-G

0.3 ± 0.1

6.0 ± 0.6

1.7 ± 0.3

3.4 ± 0.9

CL-I

0.6 ± 0.1

5.9 ± 1.2

1.6 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.5

CL-C

0.4 ± 0.1

7.4 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.1

2.0 ± 0.4

LL-G

0.5 ± 0.0

7.4 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.1

3.3 ± 0.8

LL-I

0.7 ± 0.1

6.8 ± 1.2

1.1 ± 0.1

4.1 ± 0.7

LL-C

0.4 ± 0.1

8.0 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.1

1.3 ± 0.2

M2

LT-G

0.4 ± 0.1

7.2 ± 0.6

2.3 ± 0.4

1.8 ± 0.4

LT-I

0.3 ± 0.0

7.5 ± 0.1

1.9 ± 0.2

1.8 ± 0.1

LT-C

0.2 ± 0.1

9.4 ± 1.4

1.7 ± 0.4

3.2 ± 0.2

PC-G

0.2 ± 0.0

7.1 ± 0.4

0.8 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.1

PC-I

0.4 ± 0.0

6.8 ± 0.4

0.6 ± 0.1

2.0 ± 0.7

PC-C

0.3 ± 0.0

6.2 ± 1.0

1.0 ± 0.1

3.4 ± 0.1

CL-G

0.3 ± 0.1

5.7 ± 0.7

1.6 ± 0.3

3.8 ± 0.7

CL-I

0.6 ± 0.1

6.1 ± 0.5

2.3 ± 0.5

3.0 ± 0.4

CL-C

0.4 ± 0.0

5.0 ± 1.0

2.6 ± 0.4

2.6 ± 0.1

LL-G

1.3 ± 0.4

6.9 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.4

2.7 ± 0.1

LL-I

2.2 ± 0.4

6.3 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

2.2 ± 0.1

LL-C

0.7 ± 0.1

6.2 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.4

3.5 ± 0.6

M3

LT-G

0.4 ± 0.1

5.1 ± 0.9

0.6 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.1

LT-I

0.5 ± 0.1

5.4 ± 0.6

0.8 ± 0.2

2.3 ± 0.3

LT-C

0.5 ± 0.1

6.2 ± 0.7

0.8 ± 0.2

3.3 ± 0.6

PC-G

0.2 ± 0.1

5.4 ± 0.3

1.4 ± 0.1

2.8 ± 0.4

PC-I

0.3 ± 0.1

4.5 ± 0.6

1.6 ± 0.1

2.7 ± 0.3

PC-C

0.0 ± 0.0

4.8 ± 0.7

1.6 ± 0.2

4.8 ± 0.6

CL-G

0.1 ± 0.0

4.4 ± 0.7

5.8 ± 0.2

2.4 ± 0.2

CL-I

0.7 ± 0.1

4.7 ± 0.3

4.7 ± 0.2

3.2 ± 0.7

CL-C

0.6 ± 0.1

4.5 ± 0.1

4.3 ± 0.4

1.9 ± 0.1

LL-G

0.2 ± 0.0

4.1 ± 0.9

1.2 ± 0.1

2.1 ± 0.4

LL-I

0.5 ± 0.1

4.3 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.2

3.7 ± 0.2

LL-C

0.1 ± 0.0

4.6 ± 0.5

1.1 ± 0.1

2.1 ± 0.2

M4

LT-G

0.2 ± 0.1

3.4 ± 0.7

0.8 ± 0.1

2.8 ± 0.6

LT-I

0.2 ± 0.0

3.8 ± 0.4

1.0 ± 0.1

2.5 ± 0.1

LT-C

0.1 ± 0.0

3.5 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.1

3.9 ± 0.3

PC-G

0.3 ± 0.0

3.4 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

3.4 ± 0.7

PC-I

0.3 ± 0.0

3.3 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

3.4 ± 0.6

PC-C

0.4 ± 0.0

3.2 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.2

2.5 ± 0.3

CL-G

0.4 ± 0.0

3.0 ± 0.1

1.4 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.5

CL-I

0.4 ± 0.1

3.0 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.4

2.7 ± 0.5

CL-C

0.7 ± 0.1

3.0 ± 0.1

1.9 ± 0.1

4.9 ± 1.5

LL-G

0.3 ± 0.1

3.3 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.1

2.8 ± 0.1

LL-I

0.7 ± 0.2

3.3 ± 0.1

1.5 ± 0.1

2.3 ± 0.8

LL-C

0.8 ± 0.2

2.7 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.3

4.5 ± 1.3

  1. M1, M2, M3, and M4: markets 1–4.
  2. LT: lettuce; PC: pak choi; CL: cole; LL: leaf lettuce.
  3. G, I, and C represent the gastric, small intestinal, and colon phase, respectively.
  4. Values are mean ± SD (mg/kg).
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