Figure 3

Gr5a GRN activation can replace sugar presentation during appetitive conditioning. (a) Experimental protocol. Flies in the +ATR group were fed ATR containing fly food for 2 days and ATR containing DW for one day before conditioning. Instead of a sucrose reward, w ¹¹¹⁸; UAS-ChR2T159C-mCherry; Gr5a-GAL4 transgenic flies were exposed to blue light during training. (b) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup. (c) The percentage of ATR fed flies that displayed PER to the CS after indicated conditioning protocols. In this case, the US refers to exposure to blue light. N = 10–21, *P < 0.05 by chi-square test of independence.