Figure 3
From: Antibacterial activity of ceramide and ceramide analogs against pathogenic Neisseria
Effects of unmodified short-chain C6-ceramide (C6-ceramide), ω-azido-C6-ceramide, α-azido-C6-ceramide and sphingosine on (A) HBMEC, (B) HEK293T and (C) HepG2 cell apoptosis. Cells were left untreated or were treated with 5 µM of the compounds overnight. Staurosporine in a concentration of 1 µM was used as a positive control. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry after staining with annexin V (AnnV)/PI. Percentage of early (AnnV+/PI−), late apoptotic cells (AnnV+/PI+) and dead cells (AnnV−/PI+) are shown. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. ***P < 0.001 in Students t-test relative to untreated cells.
