Table 3 Distribution of biomarkers at different skin sites (Mean±SD).

From: Topographical diversity of common skin microflora and its association with skin environment type: An observational study in Chinese women

Site type

Skin sites

HBD-2 (pg/ml)

HBD-3 (pg/ml)

LL-37 (pg/ml)

Claudin-1 (ng/ml)

Exposed sites

GL (oily)

0.27 ± 0.51#▲*◆

0.47 ± 0.63#▲★◆■

0.84 ± 0.90#▲*◆■

14.72 ± 6.64♣

IS (dry)

0.12 ± 0.24♥

0.07 ± 0.09♥■

0.12 ± 0.12♥■

HB (normal)

0.14 ± 0.25♥

0.11 ± 0.18♥■

0.17 ± 0.22♥■

Unexposed sites

BA (normal)

0.20 ± 0.37

0.22 ± 0.37♥#▲*◆

0.45 ± 0.53♥#▲*◆

AF (normal)

0.13 ± 0.26♥

0.08 ± 0.15♥■

0.17 ± 0.13♥■

VF (normal)

0.14 ± 0.29♥

0.08 ± 0.11♥■

0.17 ± 0.15♥■

  1. ♥P < 0.05, compared to GL; ★P < 0.05, compared to IS; ◆P < 0.05, compared to HB; ■P < 0.05, compared to BA; #P < 0.05, compared to AF; ▲P < 0.05, compared to VF
  2. Abbreviations: AF, antecubital fossa; BA, back; GL, glabella; HB, hand-back; IS, interdigital web space; VF, volar forearm.
  3. ♣Claudin-1 values were obtained from blood sample and hence, the values are not site-specific.
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