Table 1 Calculated locations of EIS needle and distance between the center of EIS needle and cancer boundary for EIS electrodes facing towards cancer or in the opposite direction to the cancer tissue with diameter of 3 mm as shown in Fig. 4(b,c).

From: Biopsy Needle Integrated with Electrical Impedance Sensing Microelectrode Array towards Real-time Needle Guidance and Tissue Discrimination

Cutoff percentage

EIS electrodes facing toward cancer

EIS electrodes facing in the opposite direction to cancer

Location of EIS needle

Distance between needle center and cancer boundary

Location of EIS needle

Distance between needle center and cancer boundary

10%

2.24 mm

0.74 mm

1.12 mm

0.39 mm

90%

1.24 mm

0.26 mm

0.325 mm

1.18 mm