Figure 1

First factorial planes for (a) the among-species RLQ and (b) the within-species RLQ of the relationship between sapling leaf traits (left plot) and environmental factors (right plot), in mixed forest, performed on 406 individuals of 51 species. For each partial RLQ, traits and environmental factors are presented in the same factorial plane but are plotted separately for ease of reading. The arrows represent the coefficients of each variable in the first factorial plane. Arrows pointing in the same direction represent variables co-varying positively. The labels and arrows in colour indicate traits and environmental factors that contribute more to an axis than if all traits and environmental factors contributed equally (>4.7% for traits and >10% for environmental factors). Contributions and coefficients of traits and environmental factors are presented in Supplementary Table S4. “Petiole” stands for “petiole length”, “Openness” for “canopy openness”, “Temp.” for “air temperature” and “Soil moist.” for soil moisture, and “dry and “wet” indicate the season of measurements of these environmental factors.