Table 2 Dialysis-related and subjective/objective parameters in the two groups.

From: Novel haemodialysis (HD) treatment employing molecular hydrogen (H₂)-enriched dialysis solution improves prognosis of chronic dialysis patients: A prospective observational study

Months		0 m	6 m	12 m	18 m	24 m	30 m	36 m	42 m	48 m
WBC count (/µL)	C-HD	5504 ± 1653	5597 ± 1840	5461 ± 1669	5321 ± 1778	5251 ± 1996	5404 ± 2093	5701 ± 2014	5543 ± 1840	5541 ± 1985
	(n)	148	136	128	126	117	109	104	84	80
	E-HD	5852 ± 1803	5865 ± 2091	5734 ± 2083	5648 ± 1851	5779 ± 1823	5584 ± 1751	5620 ± 1684	5637 ± 1759	5642 ± 1793
	(n)	161	160	152	145	131	123	121	112	105
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	C-HD	10.6 ± 1.1	10.6 ± 1.2	10.4 ± 1.3	10.7 ± 1.4	10.4 ± 1.3	10.5 ± 1.3	10.4 ± 1.3	10.6 ± 1.3	10.7 ± 1.3
	(n)	148	136	128	126	117	109	104	83	80
	E-HD	11.1 ± 1.2	11.0 ± 1.0	10.7 ± 1.2	10.9 ± 1.2	10.4 ± 1.3	11.1 ± 1.1	10.8 ± 1.1	10.9 ± 1.1	11.1 ± 1.3
	(n)	161	159	152	145	131	123	121	112	105
BUN (mg/dL)	C-HD	66.8 ± 15.1	63.7 ± 15.0	65.3 ± 13.9	56.1 ± 14.5	58.8 ± 14.3	56.3 ± 14.0	61.3 ± 13.1	57.0 ± 14.0	61.1 ± 13.7
	(n)	148	136	128	126	117	109	103	84	80
	E-HD	69.0 ± 15.8	67.5 ± 16.5	65.2 ± 15.5	62.9 ± 15.8	64.3 ± 14.5	61.0 ± 13.2	62.5 ± 15.1	63.0 ± 14.8	61.4 ± 13.4
	(n)	161	160	152	145	131	123	121	112	105
creatinine (mg/dL)	C-HD	10.8 ± 2.6	11.1 ± 2.5	10.9 ± 2.5	10.0 ± 2.3	10.3 ± 2.3	10.4 ± 2.5	10.9 ± 2.5	11.0 ± 2.4	10.8 ± 2.5
	(n)	148	136	128	126	117	110	104	84	80
	E-HD	10.6 ± 3.0	10.4 ± 2.8	10.7 ± 2.8	10.3 ± 2.8	10.6 ± 2.6	10.7 ± 2.6	10.4 ± 2.3	10.8 ± 2.2	10.6 ± 2.4
	(n)	161	159	152	145	131	123	121	112	105
Ca (mg/dL)	C-HD	8.8 ± 0.7	8.8 ± 0.8	8.8 ± 0.8	8.8 ± 0.6	8.8 ± 0.7	8.8 ± 0.7	8.8 ± 0.7	8.9 ± 0.8	8.6 ± 0.8
	(n)	148	136	128	126	117	110	104	84	79
	E-HD	8.8 ± 0.7	8.8 ± 0.6	8.7 ± 0.7	8.8 ± 0.6	8.7 ± 0.7	8.8 ± 0.6	8.8 ± 0.7	8.8 ± 0.6	8.8 ± 0.6
	(n)	160	159	152	145	131	123	121	112	105
Pi (mg/dL)	C-HD	5.5 ± 1.3	5.5 ± 1.4	5.6 ± 1.4	5.5 ± 1.3	5.6 ± 1.3	5.3 ± 1.3	5.7 ± 1.4	5.5 ± 1.6	5.8 ± 1.4
	(n)	148	136	128	126	117	109	104	84	80
	E-HD	5.6 ± 1.4	5.6 ± 1.5	5.4 ± 1.3	5.4 ± 1.3	5.4 ± 1.4	5.4 ± 1.1	5.4 ± 1.1	5.3 ± 1.3	5.2 ± 1.1
	(n)	161	161	154	147	133	125	123	114	107
B2-microglobulin (mg/L)	C-HD	27.7 ± 7.0	28.2 ± 6.6	27.5 ± 6.4	26.9 ± 5.8	26.6 ± 6.0	27.5 ± 5.3	29.9 ± 5.8	29.8 ± 5.7	29.1 ± 6.0
	(n)	148	131	126	126	116	108	102	80	78
	E-HD	26.9 ± 6.5	27.0 ± 6.9	27.6 ± 6.5	26.0 ± 5.9	26.9 ± 6.3	27.3 ± 5.6	28.4 ± 5.6	28.2 ± 5.7	28.6 ± 5.3
	(n)	161	159	149	142	131	122	120	110	104
CRP (mg/dL)	C-HD	0.32 ± 0.57	0.23 ± 0.34	0.41 ± 0.93	0.53 ± 2.24	0.26 ± 0.44	0.40 ± 0.95	0.45 ± 0.97	0.99 ± 5.12	0.82 ± 2.10
	(n)	148	133	128	126	115	109	101	81	78
	E-HD	0.39 ± 0.73	0.45 ± 1.03	0.66 ± 1.52	0.56 ± 1.87	0.57 ± 1.17	0.38 ± 0.88	0.41 ± 0.71	0.35 ± 0.67	0.62 ± 1.91
	(n)	161	160	152	145	131	123	121	112	105
albumin (g/dL)	C-HD	3.5 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.4	3.5 ± 0.3	3.5 ± 0.3	3.5 ± 0.4	3.5 ± 0.3	3.5 ± 0.3	3.4 ± 0.3
	(n)	148	136	126	124	116	109	103	83	79
	E-HD	3.7 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.3	3.7 ± 0.4	3.5 ± 0.4	3.5 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.3	3.5 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.3
	(n)	161	159	152	145	131	123	121	112	107
Dry weight (kg)	C-HD	56.6 ± 11.8	57.0 ± 11.6	57.6 ± 12.3	57.0 ± 11.6	56.9 ± 11.4	56.8 ± 11.1	56.6 ± 11.5	56.4 ± 12.6	56.4 ± 12.3
		147	140	133	129	119	114	106	87	82
	E-HD	56.4 ± 10.9	56.5 ± 11.0	56.5 ± 11.4	56.3 ± 11.5	56.9 ± 11.8	56.4 ± 11.3	56.5 ± 11.3	56.5 ± 11.6	58.3 ± 12.2
	(n)	161	160	152	146	131	125	120	113	107
CTR (%)	C-HD	48.7 ± 6.0	49.1 ± 4.2	49.0 ± 4.2	49.0 ± 4.4	49.9 ± 5.3	49.6 ± 5.2	49.7 ± 5.2	49.5 ± 5.8	49.1 ± 6.2
	(n)	148	134	131	115	117	112	104	84	79
	E-HD	48.7 ± 5.5	49.0 ± 5.4	49.3 ± 5.6	49.4 ± 5.4	49.2 ± 5.3	49.3 ± 5.4	49.5 ± 5.6	48.7 ± 5.4	49.0 ± 5.1
	(n)	161	155	148	133	129	123	119	108	101
pre-dialysis MBP (mmHg)	C-HD	104 ± 17	97 ± 16	104 ± 15	100 ± 14	100 ± 16	101 ± 17	104 ± 15	101 ± 18	101 ± 18
	(n)	148	137	121	112	101	88	78	66	62
	E-HD	103 ± 22	94 ± 19	103 ± 18	102 ± 19	103 ± 19	105 ± 15*	105 ± 15	104 ± 16	106 ± 18
	(n)	161	163	152	146	131	125	120	115	105
post-dialysis MBP (mmHg)	C-HD	97 ± 13	93 ± 18	96 ± 13	96 ± 15	96 ± 13	98 ± 14	98 ± 12	100 ± 12	95 ± 12
	(n)	148	137	121	112	101	88	78	66	62
	E-HD	93 ± 20	90 ± 18	94 ± 16	92 ± 16*	92 ± 15**	95 ± 16	95 ± 14*	96 ± 16	95 ± 13
	(n)	161	162	152	146	131	125	120	115	105
DDD	C-HD	1.04	1.03	1.00	1.00	1.22	1.36	1.34	1.12	1.00
		(0, 2.34)	(0, 2.53)	(0, 2.05)	(0, 2.00)	(0, 2.83)	(0.18, 2.33)	(0, 2.50)	(0, 2.05)	(0.02, 2.71)
	(n)	147	137	130	127	118	112	105	86	84
	E-HD	0.57	0.57*	0.5**	0.50	0.76**	0.81*	1.07	0.86	0.62*
		(0, 2.14)	(0, 1.53)	(0, 1.21)	(0, 1.34)	(0, 1.50)	(0.03, 1.62)	(0.06, 1.90)	(0, 1.87)	(0, 1.62)
	(n)	159	159	151	145	130	124	120	115	104
Fatigue Grade	C-HD	2.9 ± 1.0	2.8 ± 1.1	2.6 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 1.2	2.8 ± 1.2	2.7 ± 1.2	2.8 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.1
	(n)	148	136	124	123	111	112	103	79	74
	E-HD	2.9 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.3	2.9 ± 1.3	3.1 ± 1.1*	2.9 ± 1.4	3.0 ± 1.3	3.2 ± 1.1
	(n)	161	152	139	136	124	120	118	106	96
Pruritus Intensity Grade	C-HD	3.4 ± 0.9	3.2 ± 0.9	3.1 ± 1.0	3.2 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.1	3.1 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.0	3.2 ± 0.9	3.0 ± 1.0
	(n)	148	136	124	123	110	112	103	79	74
	E-HD	3.2 ± 0.9*	3.2 ± 1.1	3.4 ± 0.9	3.5 ± 0.9	3.2 ± 1.0	3.4 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 1.0*	3.4 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 0.9*
	(n)	161	152	139	136	124	120	118	106	96
Puriritus Frequency Grade	C-HD	3.2 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.1	3.1 ± 1.1	2.8 ± 1.2
	(n)	148	135	124	123	111	112	103	79	74
	E-HD	3.0 ± 1.1	3.1 ± 1.2	3.2 ± 1.1	3.3 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.1	3.3 ± 1.0	3.2 ± 1.1	3.3 ± 1.1	3.2 ± 1.1*
	(n)	161	152	139	136	124	120	118	106	96

vs. C-HD; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
MBP, mean blood pressure; CTR, cardiothoracic ratio; DDD, defined daily dose of anti-hypertensive agents.
C-HD, conventional haemodialysis; E-HD, electrolyzed water haemodialysis; WBC, white blood cell; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ca, serum Calcium; Pi, serum phosphate; CRP, C-reactive protein.

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Table 2 Dialysis-related and subjective/objective parameters in the two groups.

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