Table 2 Association between fish intake and severity of diabetic retinopathy in multivariable ordered logistic regression models.

From: The relationship of dietary fish intake to diabetic retinopathy and retinal vascular caliber in patients with type 2 diabetes

 

Model 1

Model 2

OR (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

Fish intake category

 Quartile 1

1 (Reference)

 

1 (Reference)

 

 Quartile 2

0.89 (0.56 to 1.43)

0.638

0.79 (0.47 to 1.32)

0.367

 Quartile 3

0.39 (0.20 to 0.77)

0.007

0.35 (0.17 to 0.74)

0.006

 Quartile 4

0.72 (0.42 to 1.24)

0.239

0.58 (0.32 to 1.06)

0.076

 P-trend*

0.080

0.024

Per one serving increase of fish intake per week

0.94 (0.88 to 0.99)

0.038

0.91 (0.84 to 0.99)

0.038

  1. OR, odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; DR = diabetic retinopathy.
  2. *P-value to test for differences in trend between categories of fish intake (quartiles).
  3. Fish intake, either as a categorical and continuous variable, was included one at a time in the multivariable ordered logistic regression models for DR Severity (no retinopathy present, minimal-moderate non-proliferative DR, and severe DR or worse.
  4. Model 1 adjusted for age, gender and race.
  5. Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, race, and variables with P < 0.10 in model 1 were included (smoking, diabetes duration, diabetic treatment, lipid-lowering medication use, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c and triglycerides levels).
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