Table 1 Detail baseline characteristics.

From: Radiological and clinical differences among three assisted technologies in pedicle screw fixation of adult degenerative scoliosis

Groups

P value

Parameter

Robot-PLIF

Template-PLIF

CT-based PLIF

RP vs TP

RP vs CP

TP vs CP

No. of patients

83

75

109

   

Females, n (%)

48 (58)

41 (55)

65 (60)

0.689

0.802

0.503

Age (years)

61.6 ± 9.1

64.0 ± 7.7

63.9 ± 8.4

0.177

0.307

0.668

Mean BMI

25.8 ± 3.6

26.3 ± 4.2

27.3 ± 3.9

0.422

<0.01

0.099

No. of screws

1012

886

1276

   

Mean no. of screws/case

12.2 ± 2.5

11.8 ± 2.3

11.7 ± 2.7

0.299

0.191

0.794

Mean no. of fixed segment

6.6 ± 1.5

6.8 ± 1.4

6.5 ± 1.7

0.389

0.672

0.209

Mean no of fusion level*

2.1 ± 0.6

2.1 ± 0.7

2.0 ± 0.7

1.000

0.299

0.342

Fusion level (n)

one level

13

15

22

0.476

0.422

0.976

two levels

52

41

60

0.308

0.290

0.959

three levels

18

19

27

0.589

0.617

0.931

Screw diameter (n)

6.5 mm

708

638

894

0.327

0.958

0.327

5.5 mm

94

62

144

0.070

0.120

0.001

Upper-instrumented vertebra (n)

T9

3

2

9

0.734

0.188

0.116

T10

7

10

24

0.321

0.011

0.136

T11

19

12

30

0.276

0.466

0.067

T12

33

29

30

0.888

0.074

0.112

L1

21

22

16

0.570

0.065

0.016

Lower-instrumented vertebra (n)

L3

8

10

13

0.465

0.615

0.777

L4

21

14

17

0.316

0.095

0.585

L5

41

32

44

0.397

0.212

0.756

S1

13

19

35

0.131

0.009

0.321

  1. *No of fusion level mean the number of intervertebral space that require bone graft and the cage placement. RP: Robot-PLIF; TP: Drill guide Template-PLIF; CP: CT-based PLIF. Values that appear in boldface are statistically significant (p < 0.05).
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