Figure 4

Leading mode derived from the MCA analysis of June to September (JJAS) precipitation (P) and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of AFFO-2d-S – CON-2d simulations from 1998 to 2012: P (left) and SST (right). In the P modes the dashed line represents the areas of the footprint (south Sahara) and the Gulf of Guinea coast; solid lines represent the afforested area (the Sahel). In the SST modes dashed lines represent the ocean basin area associated with the precipitation pattern over North Africa: Mode 1: Inter-hemispheric, Mode 2: Tropical pacific and Mode 3: Atlantic Ocean. The square covariance fraction (SCF) of each mode, the correlation (R²) between the MCA of the P and SST in the modes and the fraction of the variance (Var) of the given P and SST modes are presented. Maps were created using Matlab R2014b (http://www.mathworks.com/).