Table 1 The characteristics of ACLF patients without IPA, and with development probable IPA at enrolment or at IPA diagnosis.

Age, (years)

44 [22, 83]

Male, (n, %)

55 (88.7)

Other sites infection, (n, %)

5 (8.0)

Receipt of corticosteroids, (n, %)

7 (11.3)^**

Cumulative prednisone-equivalent dose, (mg)^a

70 [30, 360]^*

Temperature, (°C)

36.5 [36.0, 37.5]^**

37 [36.3, 39.6]

38.6 [37, 39.6]

0.001

C- reactive protein, (mg/L)

12.5 [0.4, 87.1]

13.5 [1.1, 99.8]

34.9 [3.0, 69.4]

0.084

Procalcitonin, (ng/mL)

0.8 [0.1, 39.7]

0.8 [0.4, 6.3]

1.0 [0.2, 3.1]

0.878

Leukocyte count, (10⁹/L)

7.1 [1.6, 31.0]^*

9.4 [3.7, 34.7]

15.0 [3.6, 34.7]

0.148

Platelet count, (10⁹/L)

90 [66, 210]

113.5 [11, 199]

54 [24, 199]

0.001

Serum bilirubin, (mg/dL)

22.9 [6.4, 46.8]

25.5 [8.1, 43.7]

28.4 [9.7, 47.3]

0.028

Aspartate aminotransferase, (U/L)

163.5 [29.0, 2136.0]

174.5 [32.0, 3000.0]

112.0 [32.0, 279.3]

0.031

Alanine aminotransferase, (U/L)

118.5 [17.0, 3163.0]

83.3 [15.0, 2084.1]

75.6 [15.0, 197.2]

0.047

International normalized ratio

2.2 [1.5, 4.7]

2.2 [1.5, 4.1]

2.5 [1.5, 4.6]

0.234

Albumin, (mg/L)

29.9 [20.0, 41.0]

33.7 [20.2, 40.4]

34.7 [20.9, 40.3]

0.649

Creatinine, (mg/L)

0.8 [0.3, 5.5]

0.8 [0.4, 2.8]

0.7 [0.4, 2.8]

0.683

Serum sodium, (mmol/L)

137 [123, 148]

135 [125, 143]

134 [123, 140]

0.105

CLIF-SOFA¹

8 [6, 11]

8 [6, 13]

10 [6, 15]

0.083

Cerebral failure (n, %)

2 (3.2)

1 (5.0)

3 (15.0)

0.605

Liver failure (n, %)

52 (83.9)

16 (80.0)

19 (95.0)

0.342

Lung failure (n, %)

0 (0)

0 (0)

3 (15.0)

0.231

Coagulation failure (n, %)

22 (35.5)

9 (45.0)

11 (55.0)

0.752

Kidney failure (n, %)

5 (8.1)

2 (10.0)

2 (10.0)

1

Circulation failure (n, %)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

—

CLIF-C ACLFs¹⁵

39.7 [25.6, 58.2]

44.9 [29.9, 57.1]

46.8 [29.4, 72.6]

0.028

MELD¹⁵

26.4 [8.9, 40.1]

24.0 [13.6, 38.5]

27.2 [15.4, 40.9]

0.145

MELD-Na¹⁵

27.8 [12.4, 57.3]

25.7 [15.2, 52.8]

28.6 [15.4, 60.0]

0.064