Figure 5
The effect of DiOHF on ER stress and cell apoptosis in HUVECs. The levels of ER stress markers: (A) GRP78, (B) pelF2α/elF2α, and (C) XBP-1 spliced mRNA were measured by western blot and real time-PCR respectively. DiOHF pre-treatment at 10 µM inhibited the upregulation of all 3 ER stress markers while DiOHF (1, 3 and 10 µM) normalized the XBP-1 spliced mRNA similar to DMSO vehicle control. Group data showing DiOHF reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by 1 µg/ml tunicamycin (D) and 200 µM H2O2 (E) in flow cytometry, which was measured by annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results are means ± SEM of 3–6 experiments in HUVECs. #P < 0.05 vs control, Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test. ##P < 0.01 vs control, Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test. ###P < 0.001 vs control, Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test. *P < 0.05 vs tunica, Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test. **P < 0.01 vs tunica, Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test. ***P < 0.001 vs tunica, Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test.
