Figure 1
From: Resilience management during large-scale epidemic outbreaks
Schematic representation of the metapopulation model. The system is composed of a network of subpopulations or patches, connected by diffusion processes. Each patch contains a population of individuals who are characterized with respect to their stage of the disease (e.g. susceptible, exposed, susceptible with fear, infected, removed), and identified with a different color in the picture. Individuals can move from a subpopulation to another on the network of connections among subpopulations. At each time step individuals move with a commuting rate c ij from subpopulation i to subpopulation j. (B) Schematic illustration of the system’s critical functionality. The system if fully functional (CF(t) = 1) during ordinary conditions when all the subpopulations are healthy and the number of real commuters is equal to the number of virtual commuters, i.e. D(t) = 0 and C(t) = Z(t). After the outbreak takes place (T0) the system’s functionality decreases because of the disease propagation and the eventual travel reduction. Next the system starts to recover until the complete extinction of the epidemic (T E ) which corresponds to the time when no more infected individuals are in the system. The curves (a) and (b) represent the critical functionality of scenarios corresponding to high and low values of resilience.
