Table 1 Main outcomes of laboratory crosses obtained in previous studies, with the four Ciona species studied.
Original name | Putative name | Sampling area | Main outcome (with original species name) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ciona savignyi Ciona intestinalis | Ciona savignyi Ciona robusta | California (USA) | Full reproductive isolation | Lambert, et al.30 |
Ciona intestinalis Ciona roulei Ciona edwardsi | Ciona robusta Ciona roulei Ciona edwardsi | Banyuls-sur-Mer (France) | Partial reproductive isolation (asymmetry) between C. roulei and C. intestinalis | |
Full reprodutive isolation of C. edwardsi with C.roulei and C. intestinalis | ||||
Ciona intestinalis Ciona intestinalis | Ciona intestinalis Ciona robusta | Celtic Seas (Scotland, UK) NW Pacific (Kyoto, Japan) | Partial reproductive isolation between specimens of Japanese vs. Scottish origin (fertilization rate: 2.3%-70.4%) | Suzuki, et al.14 |
Ciona intestinalis type A Ciona intestinalis type B | Ciona robusta Ciona intestinalis | Plymouth (UK) and Naples (Italy) Plymouth (UK) | C. intestinalis type A and B isolated | Caputi, et al.15 |
Poor success of allopatric crosses with C. intestinalis type A | ||||
Ciona intestinalis type A Ciona intestinalis type B | Ciona robusta Ciona intestinalis | English Channel (Plymouth, UK) | No reproductive isolation (no asymmetry) | Sato, et al.22 |
Ciona intestinalis type A Ciona intestinalis type B | Ciona robusta Ciona intestinalis | English Channel (Plymouth, UK) | no reproductive isolation, hybrids F1 fertile, back-crosses possible | Sato, et al.27 |
Ciona intestinalis type A Ciona intestinalis type B | Ciona robusta Ciona intestinalis | English Channel (Moulin Blanc, France) English Channel (Aber Wrac’h, France) | Partially isolated (asymmetry) | Bouchemousse, et al.26 |
Ciona robusta Ciona intestinalis | Ciona robusta Ciona intestinalis | English Channel (Moulin Blanc, France) English Channel (Aber Wrac’h, France) | No isolation using C. intestinalis as maternal lineage | Malfant et al.53 |
