Table 1 Details of Mediterranean line transect surveys incorporated in this gap analysis.

Surveying entities	Platform	Surveyed years	Surveyed subregion¹	Total effort (km)	References
Alnitak – ALNILAM	Ship	1997–2011	Alborán Sea/Strait of Gibraltar	43,283	^33,66,67
BWI – ISPRA	Aircraft	2010, 2013	Adriatic Sea	16,796	⁶⁸
EcoOcéan Institut and partners²	Ship	1997–2002; 2005–2015	Algero-Provençal basin	52,608	³¹
IFAW – MCR	Ship	2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2013	Basin-wide	17,824	^45,69,70
IMMRAC	Ship	2005	Levantine Sea	1,458	⁴⁶
INSTM	Ship	2001, 2003, 2005	Strait of Sicily/Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of Sirte and Tyrrhenian Sea/eastern Ligurian Sea	2,352	⁷¹
PELAGIS Observatory	Aircraft	2011, 2012	Algero-Provençal basin and Tyrrhenian Sea/eastern Ligurian Sea	32,592	²⁶
Pelagos Cetacean Research Institute	Ship	2001–2014	Ionian Sea/Central Mediterranean and Aegean Sea	16,742	⁷²
SUBMON Marine Environmental Services	Ship	2010 2011 2015	Algero-Provençal basin	2,951	^73,74,75
TETHYS – ISPRA	Aircraft and ship	2008–2011; 2013, 2014, 2016	Algero-Provençal basin and Tyrrhenian Sea/eastern Ligurian Sea	64,795	^{23,25,76,77,78}
CBRG, University of Malta³	Aircraft and ship	1997–2015	Strait of Sicily/Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of Sirte	24,704	^24,79,80
University of Valencia	Aircraft	2000–2003; 2010, 2011, 2013	Algero-Provençal basin	26,376	^81,82

Surveying entities: BWI = Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation; CBRG = Conservation Biology Research Group; IFAW = International Fund for Animal Welfare; IMMRAC = Israel Marine Mammal Research and Assistance Center; INSTM = Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer; ISPRA = Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research; MCR = Marine Conservation Research.
¹Mediterranean subregions following previous studies^18,56.
²Partners: École Pratique des Hautes Études, WWF-France, Swiss Cetacean Society, Cybelle Planète, Participe Futur and Fondation Nicolas Hulot.
³A selection of the aerial and shipboard survey data collected by CBRG around the Maltese Islands was used in this analysis. Thus, the reported 24,704 km of effort represents part of the actual aerial and shipboard survey effort.

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