Table 3 Chinese and English version of WeChat addiction test (-AT; WC-AT). Note that this is a modified version of the s-IAT as presented in Pawlikowski et al.⁶⁴.

1、? (LC)

2、? (LC)

3、? (LC)

4、? (SP)

5、? (SP)

6、? (LC)

7、? (SP)

8、? (LC)

9、? (LC)

10、? (SP)

11、? (SP)

12、? (SP)

Answer options: (1), (2), (3), (4), (5); LC: loss of control/time management; SP: craving/social problems

1. How often do you find that you stay on WeChat longer than you intended? (LC)

2. How often do you neglect household chores to spend more time on WeChat? (LC)

3. How often do your grades or school work suffer because of the amount of time you spend on WeChat? (LC)

4. How often do you become defensive or secretive when anyone asks you what you do on WeChat? (SP)

5. How often do you snap, yell, or act annoyed if someone bothers you while you are on WeChat? (SP)

6. How often do you lose sleep due to being on WeChat late at night? (LC)

7. How often do you feel preoccupied with WeChat when off-line, or fantasize about being on WeChat? (SP)

8. How often do you find yourself saying “just a few more minutes” when on WeChat? (LC)

9. How often do you try to cut down the amount of time you spend on WeChat and fail? (LC)

10. How often do you try to hide how long you’ve been on WeChat? (SP)

11. How often do you choose to spend more time on WeChat over going out with others? (SP)

12. How often do you feel depressed, moody, or nervous when you are off-line, which goes away once you are back on WeChat? (SP)