Table 1 Physical parameters.

From: Combining Turing and 3D vertex models reproduces autonomous multicellular morphogenesis with undulation, tubulation, and branching

Symbol

Description

Value

Basis

Eq.

k v

Cell volume elasticity

10

\(\gg {\kappa }_{{\rm{s}}}{({v}_{{\rm{ref}}})}^{\frac{2}{3}}\)

(3)

κ s

Cell surface energy

0.2

To define units

(3)

η c

Friction coefficient

0.25

To define units

(4)

v ref

Reference cell volume

1

To define units

(7)

τ cycle

Cell cycle

50

\(\gg {\eta }_{{\rm{c}}}/{\kappa }_{{\rm{s}}}\)

(7)

ρ sw

Switching concentration for growth rate

0.5

\(({m}_{{\mathscr{A}}}^{\ast 1}+{m}_{{\mathscr{A}}}^{\ast 2})\mathrm{/2}{v}_{{\rm{ref}}}\)

(8)

α

Hill coefficient in growth rate

10

\(\gg 1\)

(8)

ρ u

Reference morphogen concentration

1

To define units

(9, 10)

ϕ

Diffusivity of inhibitor

10

\({(3{({v}_{{\rm{ref}}})}^{\frac{1}{3}})}^{2}/(4{{\eta }}_{{\rm{c}}}/5{{\kappa }}_{s})\)

(9, 10)

γ

Time characteristics of patterning

0.01–100

Varied

(9, 10)

χ

Spatial characteristics of patterning

0.001–0.1

Varied

(9, 10)