Figure 3

Effects of dietary AgNPs on the development of pupae and newly emerged adults. (a) Cumulative percentage of the flies eclosed daily (relative to the final eclosion number) between the 8th and 12th day after hatching. (b) Percentage of adult flies that successfully emerged from the pupae (relative to the number of larvae in each group). (c) Relative percentage of the successfully eclosed young adult flies that survived for 3 days after eclosion. For the experiments shown here, each vial was loaded with 100 larvae, and each group contained 300 larvae in total. *(P < 0.05), **(P < 0.01) and ***(P < 0.001) denote significant differences between the control group and exposure groups.