Table 4 Comparison of outcomes among adults with type 1 diabetes in virtual clinical trials.
Outcomes | 105 g carbohydrate meal (n = 15) | 75 g carbohydrate meal (n = 15) | 45 g carbohydrate meal (n = 15) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underestimated carbohydrate content | Adequate carbohydrate estimation | Overestimated carbohydrate content | Underestimated carbohydrate content | Adequate carbohydrate estimation | Overestimated carbohydrate content | Adequate carbohydrate estimation | Overestimated carbohydrate content | |
Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | Median [IQR] | |
% Time <4.0 mmol/L | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] |
Starting glucose, mmol/L | 5.3 [4.8–6.4] | 5.1 [4.8–6.3] | 5.3 [4.9–6.3] | 5.4 [4.9–6.1] | 5.5 [4.8–6.1] | 5.3 [5.0–6.1] | 5.3 [4.9–6.1] | 5.3 [5.0–6.3] |
Mean glucose, mmol\L | 11.7 [8.9–13.3] | 10.1 [7.1–11.9] | 9.3 [7.2–12.1] | 11.9 [9.8–12.6] | 9.1 [6.8–10.1] | 6.8 [6.1–10.6] | 9.3 [7.9–10.2] | 7.0 [5.5–8.3] |
% Time 4–10 mmol/L | 36 [22–54] | 40 [28–72] | 44 [28–68] | 32 [22–44] | 52 [42–92] | 52 [38–100] | 56 [42–78] | 84 [50–100] |
% Time >10.0 mmol/L | 64 [38–74] | 60 [10–72] | 40 [0–70] | 68 [46–78] | 48 [4–54] | 0 [0–60] | 44 [18–58] | 0 [0–20] |
Peak glucose, mmol/L | 17.5 [12.1–20.0] | 13.9 [9.3–18.1] | 13.7 [8.8–17.2] | 15.9 [15.2–18.1] | 12.3 [9.2–13.3] | 8.9 [7.8–13.6] | 11.6 [10.3–14.1] | 9.3 [8.0–11.1] |
Time to peak, minutes | 110 [90–155] | 130 [80–190] | 90 [70–125] | 120 [90–150] | 100 [70–180] | 110 [80–145] | 100 [85–145] | 80 [55–90] |
Insulin bolus, units | 5.8 [5.0–6.4] | 8.1 [6.5–9.1] | 8.7 [7.9–10.5] | 2.9 [2.5–3.4] | 5.7 [5.0–6.2] | 8.1 [6.5–8.9] | 2.9 [2.5–3.3] | 5.7 [5.0–6.4] |
Basal insulin infusion, units | 36.6 [19.8–46.4] | 29.7 [13.5–42.9] | 23.6 [12.1–39.3] | 35.6 [27.0–45.2] | 23.1 [12.6–40.1] | 18.1 [12.6–32.7] | 30.9 [17.1–36.1] | 12.0 [8.5–29.0] |
Glucagon delivery, mg | 0 [0–4.1] | 0 [0–11.1] | 1.8 [0–4.7] | 0 [0–1.4] | 0 [0–0.8] | 0 [0–3.7] | 0 [0–3.6] | 0 [0–12.9] |
