Table 3 Univariate statistical analysis of plasma samples (fasting subjects subset).

From: Plasma and urinary metabolomic profiles of Down syndrome correlate with alteration of mitochondrial metabolism

Metabolites

DS (median)

CTRL (median)

DS/CTRL

p

pFDR

Cliff’s delta

2-Hydroxybutyrate

293.1

357.0

0.82

0.861

0.887

Negligible

3-Hydroxybutyrate

92.1

96.0

0.96

0.555

0.67

Negligible

Acetate

190.3

144.0

1.32*

0.028

0.109

Medium

Acetoacetate

71.4

53.9

1.32*

0.064

0.159

Small

Acetone

113.2

73.8

1.53*

0.013

0.078

Medium

Alanine

980.4

1087.0

0.9

0.219

0.349

Small

Citrate

106.5

93.3

1.14

0.09

0.203

Small

Creatine

127.4

78.3

1.63*

0.031

0.11

Medium

Creatinine

130.3

158.9

0.82

0.293

0.391

Small

Formate

41.1

31.4

1.31*

0.026

0.109

Medium

Fumarate

3.1

2.0

1.53*

0.098

0.203

Small

Glucose

2359.1

2471.1

0.95

0.094

0.203

Small

Glutamate

89.6

77.9

1.15

0.358

0.447

Small

Glutamine

208.3

195.1

1.07

0.046

0.148

Small

Glycerol

89.2

53.4

1.67*

0.025

0.109

Medium

Glycine

505.8

502.4

1.01

0.861

0.887

Negligible

Histidine

93.7

99.6

0.94

0.129

0.238

Small

Isoleucine

110.0

125.1

0.88

0.06

0.159

Small

Lactate

737.2

566.3

1.3*

0.188

0.313

Small

Lactate + Threonine

3850.7

2858.6

1.35*

0.141

0.246

Small

Leucine

361.3

380.5

0.95

0.273

0.391

Small

Lysine

58.9

67.7

0.87

0.113

0.22

Small

Mannose

20.0

20.7

0.97

0.662

0.742

Negligible

Methionine

198.2

177.6

1.12

0.052

0.151

Small

Phenylalanine

122.2

124.4

0.98

0.948

0.948

Negligible

Pyruvate

548.3

407.1

1.35*

0.01

0.072

Medium

Succinate

22.1

14.9

1.49*

0.0001

0.001

Large

Threonine

38.9

40.9

0.95

0.585

0.682

Negligible

Tyrosine

121.8

145.1

0.84

0.008

0.068

Medium

Unk1

53.4

53.7

0.99

0.678

0.742

Negligible

Unk2

20.5

14.1

1.45*

0.283

0.391

Small

Unk3

190.8

133.2

1.43*

0.001

0.008

Large

Valine

892.5

944.8

0.94

0.264

0.391

Small

  1. List of metabolites whose concentration levels (in arbitrary units) have been determined in samples from fasting subjects (DS, n = 25; CTRL, n = 21). The p-value (p) of the univariate Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for each metabolite is reported together with the p-value calculated after false discovery rate correction (pFDR). The effect size, using the Cliff’s delta formulation, was also calculated to aid the identification of the meaningful signals giving an estimation of the magnitude of the separation between the different groups. Metabolites that show significant concentration differences in the two groups (p-value < 0.05) and/or show values in the interval next to 3:2 are reported in bold. *Values in the interval next to 3:2 (range 1.3–1.7).
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