Table 3 Incidence rate ratio of (95% confidence intervals) for metabolic syndrome based on the NCEP ATP III criteria by muscle mass and fat mass.

From: Association of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Low Muscle/

Low Fat

(N = 4,591)

Low Muscle/

High Fat

(N = 2,311)

High Muscle/

Low Fat

(N = 2,956)

High Muscle/

High Fat

(N = 4,949)

Proportion n (%)

159 (3.46)

462 (19.9)

188 (6.36)

1,780 (36.0)

Multivariable Model 1

1 (referent)

3.29 (2.56–4.22)***

1.45 (1.10–1.90)**

6.87 (5.53–8.53)***

Multivariable Model 2

1 (referent)

1.97 (1.51–2.56)***

1.07 (0.81–1.41)

2.29 (1.77–2.96)***

Multivariable Model 3

1 (referent)

1.90 (1.44–2.50)***

1.10 (0.82–1.47)

2.30 (1.76–3.00)***

  1. Data presented are n (%) and IRR (95% CI).
  2. Criteria for metabolic syndrome was defined as meeting three or more of the following conditions as suggested by the NCEP ATP III: (1) Impaired Fasting Glucose (≥100 mg/dL), (2) Elevated WC (>90 cm for men and >85 cm for women), (3) High Blood Pressure (SBP: ≥130 mmHg and DBP: ≥85 mmHg), (4) High Triglyceride (≥150 mg/dL), (5) Reduced HDL-cholesterol (<50 mg/dL for men and <40 mg/dL for women).
  3. Multivariable Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex.
  4. Multivariable Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, education, employment status, area of residence, household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, physical activity, BMI, and presence of comorbidity.
  5. Multivariable Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, education, employment status, area of residence, household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, physical activity, BMI, and presence of comorbidity, total energy intake, vitamin C, niacin, sodium, calcium, and fiber.
  6. Abbreviations: IRR, Incidence Rate Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval; WC, Waist Circumference; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; HDL, High Density Lipoproteins;
  7. NCEP ATP III, National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III;
  8. Note: Each category of muscle mass and fat mass is compared to low muscle/low fat group (reference).
  9. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (reference group is low muscle/low fat).
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