Figure 5

Spatial distributions of the difference in mean conditions between the two periods (period 2−period 1) averaged over the upper 100 m. (a) Small phytoplankton (S1, mmol-N m⁻³). (b) Diatoms (S2, mmol-N m⁻³). (c) Depth-integrated (0–100 m) net primary production (NPP, mg C m⁻² d⁻¹). (d) Spatial distributions of the two types of ecosystem change. In type 1, changes in S1 are in the opposite direction to changes in S2, ZZ1, and ZZ2. In type 2, changes in S1, S2, ZZ1, and ZZ2 are all in the same direction. Black contours in the figures denote the zero isoline.