Figure 1
Lateral force microscopy of a HOPG/water interface with the presence of INBs acquired at a normal loading force of −50 pN and scan rate of 10 lines/s (110 μm/s). The height image in the trace scan (a) and the X-signal maps in a trace scan (b) and retrace scan (c) were acquired simultaneously. The trace and retrace scan directions are indicated with an arrow above each panel. The corresponding height profile in a trace scan (d) and the X-signal profile in the trace and retrace scans (e) were measured along the white-dashed lines marked in (a–c). Inset in (d) shows a magnified view near a HOPG step. The corresponding height profile in a trace scan (f) and the X-signal profile in the trace and retrace scans (g) were measured along the green dashed lines marked in (a–c). Normal spring constant, kn ~ 0.08 N/m. The torsional spring constant was estimated as kt ~ 16.0 N/m.
