Table 1 Clinical Measures, Biomarker Prevalence and Model Definition.

From: Predictive Biomarkers of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Barrett’s Esophagus in World Trade Center Exposed Firefighters: a 15 Year Longitudinal Study

Clinical Measure

Source Cohort

Biomarker Cohort

Odds Ratio

GERD

N = 915

Controls

N = 637

BE

N = 106

GERD

N = 153

Controls

N = 112

BE

N = 20

Crude

Full Modela

GERD

BE

GERD

BE

Caucasian

846

(92.5)

581

(91.2)

97

(91.5)

147

(96.1)

109

(97.3)

18

(90)

0.67

(0.17–2.76)

0.25

(0.04–1.59)

 

Duration

(months)

3

(1–6)

2

(1–5)

3

(1–7)

2

(1–6)

3

(1–5)

3

(2–7)

0.99

(0.91–1.09)

1.14

(0.98–1.34)

PFT at SPE

FEV 1

90

(80–99)

89

(80–98)

91

(81–100)

91

(81.0–102.5)

93.5

(83.3–104.0)

92.5

(85–107)

1.00

(0.98–1.01)

1.00

(0.97–1.03)

FVC

86

(77–94)

85

(76–94)

87

(79–98)

88

(79–97)

88

(80–97)

90

(81.3–98.5)

1.00

(0.99–1.02)

0.65

(0.27–1.52)

FEV 1 /FVC

83.8

(79.3–87.0)

84.0

(79.5–87.4)

83.7

(79.1–86.8)

83.7

(78.8–87.0)

84.6

(80.6–87.4)

85

(82.5–88.7)

0.97

(0.93–1.01)

1.01

(0.93–1.10)

BMI

MMTP Entry

28.4

(26.4–30.7)

28

(26.0–30.3)

28.5

(26.6–30.9)

28.1

(26.0–30.7)

27.8

(25.8–30.1)

27.6

(25.9–29.8)

1.05

(0.97–1.12)

0.98

(0.86–1.12)

1.02

(0.95–1.10)

0.93

(0.81–1.08)

SPE

30.1

(27.4–33.3)

29.4

(27.0–32.4)

29.7

(27.5–33.5)

29.4

(26.9–31.7)

28.5

(26.5–31.1)

28.9

(26.8–30.8)

1.05

(0.99–1.11)

0.99

(0.88–1.11)

 

Age on 9/11

41

(37–46)

42

(36–46)

43

(38–46)

41

(37–46)

40

(36.3–44.8)

41

(37.3–46.0)

1.01

(0.97–1.04)

1.02

(0.95–1.09)

0.99

(0.95–1.03)

1.01

(0.94–1.09)

Exposure

Low

681 (71.1)

491 (73.2)

78 (70.9)

125 (81.7)

86 (76.8)

14 (70.0)

Reference

High

234 (24.4)

146 (21.8)

28 (25.5)

28 (18.3)

26 (23.2)

6 (30)

1.35

(0.74–2.46)

0.71

(0.25–2.02)

1.31

(0.70–2.43)

0.55

(0.16–1.85)

Biomarker

C-peptide b

 

791.2

(372.3–1792.3)

550.7

(250.5–1305.8)

755.6

(436.9–1176.5)

2.12

(1.24–3.62)

 

2.08

(1.20–3.61)

 

TNF-α b,c

4.7

(2.9–6.9)

4.3

(2.9–5.7)

5.7

(3.5–6.8)

2.09

(1.19–3.68)

2.90

(1.09–7.72)

2.06

(1.15–3.70)

3.84

(1.23–12.03)

Fractalkine

63.7

(28.4–155.6)

70.6

(26.4–142.6)

101.4

(39.7–597.1)

 

3.96

(1.46–10.76)

 

3.42

(1.18–9.96)

IP-10 c

257.6

(200.2–350.4)

236.6

(183.2–308.2)

323.2

(236.7–662.5)

3.95

(1.47–10.60)

4.47

(1.45–13.84)

  1. Median(IQR) or N(%) as indicated; FEV1 and FVC as % Predicted.
  2. aLogistic Regression Model for biomarkers adjusted for age on 9/11, Exposure, and BMI at MMTP Entry.
  3. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit, GERD = χ2, 5.958; df = 8; P = 0.65 & BE = χ2, 8.11; df = 8; P = 0.42. bp < 0.05 Mann-Whitney U test GERD vs Controls; cp < 0.05 Mann-Whitney U test BE vs Controls.
  4. Biomarker Cutpoints: C-peptide ≥ 360 pg/mL, TNFα ≥ 6 pg/mL, Fractalkine ≥ 250 pg/mL, IP-10 ≥ 290 pg/mL.
  5. TNF-α- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha; IP-10- Interferon gamma-induced protein-10.
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