Figure 2

Partial dependence plots of variables associated with intensity of light pollution in the geographic ranges of 298 nocturnally-migrating bird species. Y-axes show the marginal intensity of ALAN in units of 1E9*nanoWatts*cm−2*sr−1; notice different scales among plots. Rug plots shown inside the top two main plots on the x-axis show deciles of the distribution of predictor values. Values in parenthesis of X-axis label indicate the relative influence of each predictor variable.