Table 1 Basic characteristics before and after propensity-score matchinga.

From: Effectiveness and Safety of Different Rivaroxaban Dosage Regimens in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study

 

Before propensity-score matching

After propensity score-matching

Warfarin N = 13,942

Rivaroxaban N = 10,609

Absolute standardized mean difference

Warfarin N = 9,637

Rivaroxaban N = 9,637

Absolute standardized mean difference

Age

70.82 ± 12.73

75.62 ± 10.06

—

74.98 ± 10.60

75.20 ± 10.24

—

<65

4,478 (32.12)

1,351 (12.73)

0.48

1,333 (13.83)

1,351 (14.02)

0.0054

65–69

1,539 (11.04)

1,323 (12.47)

0.04

1,294 (13.43)

1,261 (13.08)

0.0101

70–74

1,833 (13.15)

1,719 (16.20)

0.09

1,586 (16.46)

1,586 (16.46)

0.0031

75–79

2,083 (14.94)

2,115 (19.94)

0.13

1,864 (19.34)

1,855 (19.25)

0.0024

≥80

4,009 (28.75)

4,101 (38.66)

0.21

3,560 (36.94)

3,584 (37.19)

0.0052

Female

5,805 (41.64)

4,849 (45.71)

0.08

4,366 (45.30)

4,378 (45.44)

0.0027

CHA2DS2-VAScb

3.65 ± 2.20

4.06 ± 1.90

—

4.11 ± 2.00

4.02 ± 1.92

—

0

734 (5.26)

116 (1.09)

0.24

119 (1.23)

116 (1.20)

0.0028

1

1,785 (12.80)

670 (6.32)

0.22

629 (6.53)

668 (6.93)

0.0162

≥2

11,423 (81.93)

9,823 (92.59)

0.32

8,889 (92.24)

8,853 (91.86)

0.0138

HAS-BLEDc

2.23 ± 1.52

2.22 ± 1.45

—

2.33 ± 1.49

2.21 ± 1.46

—

Ischemic stroke/STE

3,236 (23.21)

2,892 (27.26)

0.09

2,599 (26.97)

2,530 (26.25)

0.0162

TIA

671 (4.81)

564 (5.32)

0.02

511 (5.30)

515 (5.34)

0.0018

VTE

567 (4.07)

197 (1.86)

0.13

217 (2.25)

197 (2.04)

0.0143

AMI

670 (4.81)

508 (4.79)

0.001

469 (4.87)

470 (4.88)

0.0005

Heart failure

4,978 (35.71)

3,622 (34.14)

0.03

3,544 (36.77)

3,407 (35.35)

0.0296

Hypertension

9,682 (69.44)

7,891 (74.38)

0.11

7,133 (74.02)

7,106 (73.74)

0.0064

Renal disease

1,770 (12.70)

1,153 (10.87)

0.06

1,154 (11.97)

1,129 (11.72)

0.0080

Liver disease

1,160 (8.32)

763 (7.19)

0.04

705 (7.32)

716 (7.43)

0.0044

DM

4,313 (30.94)

3,282 (30.94)

0

3,064 (31.79)

2,987 (31.00)

0.0172

Peptic ulcer disease

2,635 (18.90)

1,976 (18.63)

0.007

1,848 (19.18)

1,847 (19.17)

0.0003

PVD

777 (5.57)

505 (4.76)

0.04

498 (5.17)

493 (5.12)

0.0023

ICH

255 (1.83)

276 (2.60)

0.05

209 (2.17)

214 (2.22)

0.0035

GI bleeding

999 (7.17)

777 (6.32)

0.006

741 (7.69)

701 (7.27)

0.0158

Coagulation deficiency

24 (0.17)

19 (0.18)

0.002

16 (0.17)

19 (0.20)

0.0073

Antiplatelet drugs

8,639 (61.96)

7,254 (68.38)

0.13

6,418 (66.60)

6,371 (66.11)

0.0103

PPIs

1,447 (10.38)

1,126 (10.61)

0.008

1,017 (10.55)

1,009 (10.47)

0.0027

H2-blockers

3,754 (26.93)

2,807 (26.46)

0.01

2,608 (27.06)

2,587 (26.84)

0.0049

Other antacids

5,601 (40.17)

4,125 (38.88)

0.03

3,924 (40.72)

3,842 (39.87)

0.0173

NSAIDs

6,251 (44.84)

4,547 (42.86)

0.04

4,239 (43.99)

4,207 (43.65)

0.0067

Antiarrhythmic drugs

4,022 (28.85)

3,068 (28.92)

0.002

2,787 (28.92)

2,772 (28.76)

0.0034

Digoxin

2,938 (21.07)

1,872 (17.65)

0.09

1,870 (19.40)

1,806 (18.74)

0.0169

Beta-blockers

6,603 (47.36)

5,054 (47.64)

0.006

4,572 (47.44)

4,529 (47.44)

0.0089

Non-DHP-CCBs

2,885 (20.69)

2,288 (21.57)

0.02

2,075 (21.53)

2,035 (21.12)

0.0101

DHP-CCBs

4,498 (32.26)

3,380 (31.86)

0.009

3,164 (32.83)

3,142 (32.60)

0.0049

ARBs/ACEIs

516 (3.70)

320 (3.02)

0.04

330 (3.42)

311 (3.23)

0.0110

Statins

2,906 (20.84)

2,935 (27.67)

0.16

2,324 (24.12)

2,325 (24.13)

0.0002

Anti-diabetes drugs

3,647 (26.16)

2,777 (26.18)

0.003

2,582 (26.79)

2,526 (26.21)

0.0132

  1. aData was expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage) unless specified otherwise. The co-morbid diseases were identified from diagnoses within 1 year before the first date of NOAC prescription.
  2. bCHA2DS2-VASc scores ranged from 0 to 9; a higher score indicates a higher risk of stroke or thromboembolism. One point was assigned for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age between 65–74 years, diabetes mellitus, and vascular disease. Two points were assigned for age ≥ 75 years, previous stroke, transient ischemic attack, and systemic thromboembolism.
  3. cHAS-BLED scores ranged from 0 to 9; a higher score indicating a higher risk for major bleeding. One point was assigned for hypertension, renal disease, liver disease, stroke, bleeding, age > 65 years, treatment with platelet inhibitors or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and alcohol abuse.
  4. Abbreviations: ACEIs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; AMI: acute myocardial infarctions; ARBs: angiotensin receptor II blockers; CCBs: calcium channel blockers; DHP: dihydropyridine; DM: diabetes mellitus; GI: gastrointestinal; H2: histamine receptor 2; ICH: intracranial hemorrhage; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPIs: proton pump inhibitors; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; STE: systemic thromboembolism; TIA: transient ischemic attack; VTE: venous thromboembolism.
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