Table 2 Event numbers, incidence rates, and hazard ratios comparing effectiveness and safety outcomes of warfarin and rivaroxaban use.

	Events (N)		Incidence rate per 100 person-years (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)^a	P-value
	Warfarin (N = 9,637)	Rivaroxaban (N = 9,637)	Warfarin (N = 9,637)	Rivaroxaban (N = 9,637)	HR (95% CI)^a	P-value
Composite of effectiveness^b	317	201	2.79 (2.76–2.83)	2.54 (2.50–2.60)	0.79 (0.66–0.94)	0.01
Ischemic stroke	222	140	1.96 (1.93–1.98)	1.77 (1.74–1.80)	0.80 (0.65–1.00)	0.05
TIA	60	44	0.53 (0.52–0.54)	0.56 (0.54–0.57)	0.90 (0.61–1.34)	0.61
VTE	35	17	0.31 (0.30–0.32)	0.21 (0.20–0.22)	0.51 (0.29–0.92)	0.02
Composite of safety^c	421	273	3.70 (3.67–3.74)	3.46 (3.42–3.50)	0.83 (0.71–0.97)	0.02
ICH	88	32	0.77 (0.76–0.79)	0.41 (0.39–0.42)	0.48 (0.32–0.72)	<0.001
GI bleeding	186	135	1.63 (1.61–1.66)	1.71 (1.68–1.74)	0.93 (0.74–1.17)	0.54
Other bleeding	147	106	1.29 (1.27–1.31)	1.34 (1.32–1.37)	0.91 (0.71–1.17)	0.47

^aHazard ratios were estimated by the Cox proportional hazard model with the warfarin group serving as a reference. Propensity-score matching hazard ratios were controlled by age, sex, annual stroke risk, history of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism, TIA, VTE, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension, renal disease, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer disease, peripheral vascular disease, ICH, GI bleeding, coagulation deficiency, use of antiplatelet, proton pump inhibitors, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, antacids, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, antiarrhythmic drugs, digoxin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor II blockers, statins, and anti-diabetes drugs.
^bComposite of effectiveness was the outcome of a composite of ischemic stroke, TIA, and VTE events.
^cComposite of safety was the outcome of a composite of ICH, GI bleeding, and other bleeding.
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; GI: gastrointestinal; HR: hazard ratio; ICH: intracranial hemorrhage; NOAC: non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; TIA: transient ischemic attack; VTE: venous thromboembolism.

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