Table 1 Demographic characteristics of 3598 mothers.
Demographic variables | Gestational vitamin D status1 | P-value2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Deficiency | Insufficiency | Sufficiency | ||
Pregnant women [n (%)] | 1397 (38.83) | 1260 (35.02) | 941 (26.15) | Â |
Maternal age [years, n (%)] | ||||
  <25   25–34   ≥35 | 220 (15.75) 1131 (80.96) 46 (3.29) | 194 (15.40) 1022 (81.11) 44 (3.49) | 147 (15.62) 768 (81.61) 26 (2.77) | 0.909 |
Maternal BMI [kg/m2, n (%)] | ||||
  Underweight (<18.5)   Normal weight (18.5–22.9)   Overweight (≥23.0) | 333 (23.84) 925 (66.21) 139 (9.95) | 271 (21.51) 859 (68.17) 130 (10.32) | 168 (17.85) 649 (68.97) 124 (13.18) | 0.003 |
Season of blood sample [n (%)] | ||||
  Spring   Summer   Fall   Winter | 477 (34.14) 311 (22.26) 279 (19.97) 330 (23.62) | 468 (37.14) 271 (21.51) 275 (21.83) 246 (19.52) | 371 (39.43) 225 (23.91) 193 (20.51) 152 (16.15) | 0.001 |
Periconceptional multivitamin use [n (%)] | ||||
  No   Less than one month   More than one month | 1220 (87.33) 97 (6.94) 80 (5.73) | 1033 (81.98) 112 (8.89) 115 (9.13) | 743 (78.96) 81 (8.61) 117 (12.43) | <0.001 |
Family monthly income (RMB/yuan) [n (%)] | ||||
  Low (<2000)   Middle (2000–3999)   High (≥4000) | 611 (43.74) 590 (42.23) 196 (14.03) | 557 (44.21) 516 (40.95) 187 (14.84) | 432 (45.91) 372 (39.53) 137 (14.56) | 0.746 |
Parity [n(%)] | ||||
  1 >1 | 1345 (96.87) 60 (3.13) | 1238 (96.97) 51 (3.03) | 927 (96.58) 37 (3.42) | 0.854 |
Gestational week of blood sample [w, n (%)] | ||||
  First-trimester (<13)   Second-trimester (13–27) | 519 (37.15) 878 (62.85) | 444 (35.24) 816 (64.76) | 337 (35.81) 604 (64.19) | 0.575 |
