Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors of participants in the SMHS and SWHS.

From: Depressive symptoms and their association with social determinants and chronic diseases in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people

 

Total (N = 103595)

Male

Female

No DS* (N = 48783)

DS* (N = 1223)

P value

No DS* (N = 50607)

DS* (N = 2982)

P value

Age (years, \(\bar{x}\)± SD)b

61.8 ± 9.3

60.9 ± 9.6

62.5 ± 10.1

<0.0001

62.6 ± 8.9

63.9 ± 9.2

<0.0001

Age(%)b

  <60

52708 (50.9)

26598 (97.9)

582 (2.1)

<0.0001

24233 (94.9)

1295 (5.1)

<0.0001

  60-

25062 (24.2)

11086 (97.6)

274 (2.4)

 

12994 (94.8)

708 (5.2)

 

  ≥70

25825 (24.9)

11099 (96.8)

367 (3.2)

 

13380 (93.2)

979 (6.8)

 

Marriage(%)a

  Married

90836 (93.1)

41694 (97.6)

1039 (2.4)

0.9737

45497 (94.6)

2606 (5.4)

<0.0001

  Widowed

3905 (4.0)

244 (97.6)

6 (2.4)

 

3404 (93.1)

251 (6.9)

 

  Others

2781 (2.9)

928 (97.7)

22 (2.3)

 

1706 (93.2)

125 (6.8)

 

Education(%)a

  Elementary or under

14537 (14.0)

3074 (97.1)

91 (2.9)

0.1818

10584 (93.1)

788 (6.9)

<0.0001

  Middle or high school

70654 (68.2)

34231 (97.5)

861 (2.5)

 

33663 (94.7)

1899 (5.3)

 

  College or above

18404 (17.8)

11478 (97.7)

271 (2.3)

 

6360 (95.6)

295 (4.4)

 

Income (RMB/person/year, %)a,**

  <6000(4000)

14829 (14.3)

6111 (97.1)

180 (2.9)

0.0004

7941 (93.0)

597 (7.0)

<0.0001

  6000(4000)-

79245 (76.6)

37915 (97.5)

960 (2.5)

 

38180 (94.6)

2190 (5.4)

 

  ≥10000(8000)

9418 (9.1)

4663 (98.3)

81 (1.7)

 

4479 (95.8)

195 (4.2)

 

Occupation(%)a

  Manual worker

53831 (52.0)

25341 (97.5)

658 (2.5)

0.2195

26154 (94.0)

1678 (6.0)

<0.0001

  Clerical

22006 (21.2)

10638 (97.8)

242 (2.2)

 

10528 (94.6)

598 (5.4)

 

  Professional

27702 (26.8)

12750 (97.5)

321 (2.5)

 

13925 (95.2)

706 (4.8)

 

BMI(kg/m2, %)a,b

  <18.5

3420 (3.3)

1418 (95.1)

73 (4.9)

<0.0001

1766 (91.6)

163 (8.4)

<0.0001

  18.5-

64212 (62.0)

30444 (97.6)

752 (2.4)

 

31254 (94.7)

1762 (5.3)

 

  25-

32091 (31.0)

15499 (97.7)

370 (2.3)

 

15302 (94.3)

920 (5.7)

 

  ≥30

3872 (3.7)

1422 (98.1)

28 (1.9)

 

2285 (94.3)

137 (5.7)

 

Leisure-time physical activity d

  No

64336 (62.1)

31554 (97.7)

750 (2.3)

0.0153

30210 (94.3)

1822 (5.7)

0.1285

  Yes

39259 (37.9)

17229 (97.3)

473 (2.7)

 

20397 (94.6)

1160 (5.4)

 

Current smokers (%)c

  No

70418 (72.8)

17458 (97.4)

471 (2.6)

0.0919

49596 (94.5)

2893 (5.5)

0.0002

  Yes

26238 (27.2)

24542 (97.6)

596 (2.4)

 

1011 (91.9)

89 (8.1)

 

Current drinkers (%)d

  No

86504 (83.5)

34364 (97.5)

877 (2.5)

0.3376

48389 (94.4)

2874 (5.6)

0.0475

  Yes

17091 (16.5)

14419 (97.7)

346 (2.3)

 

2218 (95.4)

108 (4.6)

 

Diseases(%)e

  No

38992 (37.6)

16398 (98.1)

319 (1.9)

<0.0001

21305 (95.6)

970 (4.4)

<0.0001

  Yes

64603 (62.4)

32385 (97.3)

904 (2.7)

 

29302 (93.6)

2012 (6.4)

 
  1. *DS: Depressive symptoms. **Cut points for females in brackets.
  2. aData from baseline survey for both SMHS and SWHS.
  3. bData from the second follow-up of the SMHS and the fourth follow-up of the SWHS.
  4. cData from the first follow-up of the SMHS and the fourth follow-up of the SWHS.
  5. dData from the baseline survey of the SMHS and the fourth follow-up of the SWHS.
  6. eData from the baseline survey and all follow-ups in both the SMHS and the SWHS. Diseases include diabetes, hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, bone fracture, Parkinson’s, cataract, hepatitis, prostate, and cancer. All these diseases were diagnosed before the depressive symptom survey.
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