Figure 5
Spinal inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin[IL]-1β) expression at day 28 after spinal cord injury (SCI) in wild type (WT) and sigma-1 receptor knockout (KO). (A) Quantification and representative immunoblots of TNF-α and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). a–b: groups not sharing a letter are significantly different, p < 0.05. (B) Quantification and representative immunoblots of IL-1β and GAPDH. a-c: groups not sharing a letter are significantly different, p < 0.05; #significant differences vs. naïve (p < 0.05). Results were presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 5–6). Protein expressions were normalized to GAPDH. Data was presented as a percentage respect to WT naïve or KO naïve mice. After SCI, an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β protein levels in spinal cord was evidenced, whereas the deficiency of σ1R prevented its upregulation. Full-length blots are presented in Supplementary Figure S3.
