Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants.

From: Machine Learning-based Individual Assessment of Cortical Atrophy Pattern in Alzheimer’s Disease Spectrum: Development of the Classifier and Longitudinal Evaluation

 

Subjects for classifier training

Patients with aMCI

Patients with AD

CN

AD

p-value

Total

Non-converters

Converters

p-value

Total

Slow-decliners

Fast-decliners

p-value

N

869

473

 

79

53 (67.1)

26 (32.9)

 

27

14 (51.9)

13 (48.1)

 

Age, y

65.4 (9.0)

73.0 (9.4)

<0.001

69.7 (8.8)

69.1 (9.0)

70.9 (8.6)

0.410

70.4 (7.6)

72.0 (6.6)

68.8 (8.4)

0.276

Age of onset, y

—

68.5 (10.7)

—

67.1 (8.6)

66.3 (8.6)

68.5 (8.4)

0.308

67.2 (7.7)

68.0 (6.9)

66.4 (8.7)

0.595

Women

599 (68.9)

307 (64.9)

0.133

46 (58.2)

29 (54.7)

17 (65.4)

0.366

18 (66.7)

10 (71.4)

8 (61.5)

0.695

Education, y

11.7 (4.9)

9.4 (5.3)

<0.001

12.1 (4.6)

12.1 (4.4)

12.1 (5.0)

0.971

10.3 (5.1)

9.5 (6.2)

11.2 (3.6)

0.392

APOE ε4 present*

135 (22.8)

180 (55.6)

<0.001

29 (39.2)

15 (29.4)

14 (60.9)

0.010

4 (66.7)

2 (50.0)

2 (100.0)

0.467

MMSE

28.5 (2.0)

18.2 (5.5)

<0.001

26.4 (2.4)

27.0 (1.9)

25.4 (3.0)

0.015

21.4 (3.1)

21.1 (3.0)

21.7 (3.3)

0.616

Vascular risk factors

 DM

178 (20.5)

112 (23.7)

0.174

35 (44.3)

26 (49.1)

9 (34.6)

0.225

6 (22.2)

5 (35.7)

1 (7.7)

0.165

 Hypertension

260 (29.9)

206 (43.6)

<0.001

31 (39.2)

21 (39.6)

10 (38.5)

0.921

14 (51.9)

8 (57.1)

6 (46.2)

0.568

 Hyperlipidemia

238 (27.4)

90 (19.0)

0.001

25 (31.6)

19 (35.8)

6 (23.1)

0.251

6 (22.2)

3 (21.4)

3 (23.1)

1.000

 History of IHD

110 (12.7)

43 (9.1)

0.049

17 (21.5)

9 (17.0)

8 (30.8)

0.161

2 (7.4)

1 (7.1)

1 (7.7)

1.000

 History of stroke

32 (3.7)

26 (5.5)

0.118

2 (2.5)

2 (3.8)

0 (0.0)

0.316

1 (3.7)

1 (7.1)

0 (0.0)

—

  1. Values are mean (SD) or N (%).
  2. Statistical analyses were performed with Chi-square, Fisher’s exact or Student’s t-tests.
  3. *APOE genotyping was performed in 916 (68.3%) of the 1,342 subjects for classifier training; 74 (93.7%) of the 79 patients with aMCI; and 6 (22.2%) of the 27 patients with AD, respectively.
  4. Abbreviations: N = number; SD = standard deviation; CN = cognitively normal; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; aMCI = amnestic mild cognitive impairment; APOE = apolipoprotein E; MMSE = mini-mental state examination; DM = diabetes mellitus; IHD = ischemic heart disease.
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