Table 2 Mixed effects models of worsening in the neuropsychological test performances over time by AD-specific atrophy similarity in patients with aMCI and AD.

AD-specific atrophy similarity by time	Patients with aMCI			Patients with AD
AD-specific atrophy similarity by time	Estimate	SE	p-value	Estimate	SE	p-value
Neuropsychological tests
Attention	−0.018	0.030	0.563	−0.121	0.041	0.003
Language	−0.112	0.036	0.030	−0.344	0.078	<0.001
Visuospatial	−0.032	0.120	0.791	−0.180	0.186	0.338
Memory	−0.370	0.276	0.186	−0.438	0.213	0.044
Frontal/executive	−0.041	0.168	0.809	−0.542	0.169	0.002
SNSB-D total	−0.107	0.350	0.048	−1.604	0.464	0.001
MMSE	−0.064	0.035	0.024	−0.263	0.077	0.001
CDR	0.003	0.003	0.390	0.027	0.010	0.013
CDR-SB	0.042	0.020	0.003	0.145	0.044	0.002

Linear mixed effects model were performed using AD-specific atrophy similarity, time, and the interaction term between AD-specific atrophy similarity and time (AD-specific atrophy similarity by time) as fixed effects and patient as random effect. AD-specific atrophy similarity was computed using w-score based on age and education.
Abbreviations: aMCI = amnestic mild cognitive impairment; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; SE = standard error; SNSB-D = Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Dementia version; MMSE = mini-mental state examination; CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating; CDR-SB = Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes.

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