Table 2 Weed species density under different treatments.

From: Effect of long-term fertilisation on the weed community of a winter wheat field

	Family	Weed species	C0	CN	CNP	CNK	CNPK	CPK
wheat seeding	Asteraceae	Gnaphalium affine	17.67 ± 2.40a	9.00 ± 1.53bc	0.00d	13.00 ± 2.31ab	0.67 ± 0.67d	4.33 ± 0.88cd
		Lapsana apogonoides	48.67 ± 2.19b	64.00 ± 3.61a	4.33 ± 0.67c	47.00 ± 3.06b	3.00 ± 0.58c	11.33 ± 2.73c
		Hemistepta lyrata	8.33 ± 2.33ab	9.00 ± 1.15ab	4.33 ± 0.33b	15.33 ± 2.03a	11.33 ± 0.33ab	6.00 ± 1.53b
		Conyza Canadensis	35.00 ± 2.31a	26.67 ± 2.60ab	18.67 ± 2.33bc	23.67 ± 2.60b	12.33 ± 1.76d	19.67 ± 2.33bc
		Ixeris denticulate	3.00 ± 0.58a	1.33 ± 0.67a	1.33 ± 0.88a	2.33 ± 0.33a	3.67 ± 0.67a	2.33 ± 0.33a
	Scrophulariaceae	Mazus japonicas	19.67 ± 1.67b	4.00 ± 1.15c	13.00 ± 2.65bc	9.00 ± 1.15bc	4.33 ± 1.45bc	55.00 ± 7.02a
		Lindernia antipoda	7.00 ± 2.52a	0.67 ± 0.67a	1.00 ± 1.00a	5.67 ± 1.45a	2.33 ± 0.33a	6.67 ± 1.20a
		Limnophila sessiliflora	2.33 ± 0.33abc	4.67 ± 1.20a	2.00 ± 0.00abc	0.67 ± 0.67bc	4.33 ± 1.33ab	0.00c
	Lythraceae	Ammannia arenara	56.33 ± 4.33a	7.33 ± 1.45b	3.33 ± 1.33b	8.33 ± 1.45b	3.00 ± 1.00b	11.00 ± 1.53b
		Ammannia baccifera	3.00 ± 0.58b	1.33 ± 0.67b	3.33 ± 0.67b	3.33 ± 0.33b	3.00 ± 0.58b	14.67 ± 1.76a
		Rotala indica	0.00b	1.33 ± 0.67ab	0.67 ± 0.67ab	0.67 ± 0.67ab	0.67 ± 0.67ab	3.67 ± 1.20a
	Leguminosae	Vicia sativa	57.33 ± 4.67a	37.00 ± 3.46b	9.67 ± 2.40c	24.67 ± 2.96bc	8.67 ± 3.18c	74.67 ± 6.96a
	Geraniaceae	Geranium carolinianum	18.67 ± 1.20a	16.00 ± 2.08ab	8.67 ± 1.45bc	12.67 ± 2.40ab	3.67 ± 0.88c	8.33 ± 1.45bc
	Gramineae	Alopecurus aequalis Sobol	14.67 ± 1.20b	9.00 ± 2.08bc	8.33 ± 1.76bc	5.67 ± 0.88c	13.33 ± 1.33bc	29.00 ± 2.08a
	Caryophyllaceae	Malachium aquaticum	1.67 ± 0.88a	0.67 ± 0.67a	0.00a	1.33 ± 0.67a	1.67 ± 0.88a	1.33 ± 0.67a
	Boraginaceae	Trigonotis peduncularis	11.33 ± 1.45a	12.33 ± 2.40a	1.33 ± 0.67b	9.67 ± 1.20a	1.33 ± 0.67b	1.33 ± 0.67b
		Group	14.67 ± 0.33a	13.67 ± 0.88a	12.00 ± 0.58a	14.33 ± 0.88a	14.00 ± 0.58a	14.33 ± 0.67a
		Total density	304.67 ± 17.33a	204.33 ± 8.88bc	80.00 ± 9.45d	183.00 ± 6.66c	77.33 ± 5.46d	249.33 ± 15.24b
wheat ripening	Asteraceae	Lapsana apogonoides	10.67 ± 4.81a	1.33 ± 1.33a	0.00a	4.00 ± 2.31a	0.00a	1.33 ± 1.33a
	Asteraceae	Conyza Canadensis	44.00 ± 6.11a	22.67 ± 5.81abc	0.00d	17.33 ± 3.53bcd	2.67 ± 1.33cd	28.00 ± 6.11ab
	Gramineae	Alopecurus aequalis Sobol	5.33 ± 1.33c	0.00c	34.67 ± 3.53a	0.00c	17.33 ± 3.53b	5.33 ± 1.33c
	Gramineae	Beckmannia syzigachne	4.00 ± 4.00b	1.33 ± 1.33b	6.67 ± 3.53b	0.00b	16.00 ± 10.07b	162.67 ± 7.42a
	Scrophulariaceae	Mazus japonicas	34.67 ± 7.42b	8.00 ± 2.31b	21.33 ± 7.42b	8.00 ± 4.00b	8.00 ± 8.00b	136.00 ± 21.17a
	Lythraceae	Ammannia arenara	1.33 ± 1.33c	18.67 ± 3.53ab	4.00 ± 4.00c	30.67 ± 3.53a	5.33 ± 1.33bc	13.33 ± 3.53bc
	Leguminosae	Vicia sativa	38.67 ± 8.74b	13.33 ± 8.11bc	2.67 ± 2.67c	41.33 ± 5.81b	2.67 ± 1.33c	81.33 ± 9.33a
	Geraniaceae	Geranium carolinianum	13.33 ± 3.53b	9.33 ± 3.53b	0.00b	33.33 ± 5.81a	4.00 ± 4.00b	2.67 ± 2.67b
	Umbelliferae	Daucus carota	1.33 ± 1.33a	0.00a	0.00a	5.33 ± 3.53a	0.00a	0.00a
	Campanulaceae	Lobelia chinensis	12.00 ± 6.93a	0.00a	0.00a	0.00a	5.33 ± 5.33a	14.67 ± 7.42a
	Cyperaceae	Scirpus juncoides	38.67 ± 5.81a	4.00 ± 2.31b	0.00b	0.00b	0.00b	1.33 ± 1.33b
		Group	8.67 ± 0.33a	6.00 ± 0.58abc	3.33 ± 0.67c	6.00 ± 0.58abc	5.33 ± 0.33bc	7.67 ± 1.20ab
		Total density	204.00 ± 15.14b	78.67 ± 7.42c	69.33 ± 13.33c	140.00 ± 8.33bc	61.33 ± 12.72c	446.67 ± 49.87a
		Total dry weight	21.29 ± 0.82b	6.17 ± 0.34d	10.02 ± 0.78 cd	13.55 ± 0.44c	8.82 ± 0.54cd	53.02 ± 2.95a

(ind.·m⁻²; g·m⁻²) expressed as the mean ± SE.
Different lowercase letters in the same row represent significant differences at the 0.05 level.
Group refers to the sum of weeds species per treatment.

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Table 2 Weed species density under different treatments.

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