Table 5 Association between Hb level at 12 months and infectious diseases during early childhood.

From: Infant anemia is associated with reduced TLR-stimulated cytokine responses and increased nasopharyngeal colonization with Moxarella catarrhalis

 

Crude OR (95% CI)

p

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

p

1 year old

LRTI

0.71 (0.34–1.45)

0.34

0.79 (0.26–2.40)

0.68

Croup

0.55 (0.11–2.77)

0.47

0.22 (0.02–2.06)

0.18

AOM

0.71 (0.43–1.12)

0.18

0.89 (0.61–1.31)

0.41

AGE

1.10 (0.69–1.72)

0.71

0.84(0.48–1.49)

0.55

UTI

0.95 (0.66–1.37)

0.79

0.71(0.43–1.15)

0.16

Hospital

0.66 (0.31–1.42)

0.29

0.44 (0.14–1.37)

0.16

2 years old

LRTI

1.07 (0.56–2.06)

0.83

1.03 (0.43–2.49)

0.95

Croup

0.89 (0.19–4.26)

0.89

0.54 (0.05–6.03)

0.62

AOM

1.04 (0.89–1.21)

0.63

4.12 (0.47–37.01)

0.20

AGE

1.04 (0.91–1.17)

0.60

1.60 (0.45–5.70)

0.47

UTI

1.03 (0.91–1.16)

0.69

1.45 (0.27–7.91)

0.66

Hospital

0.98 (0.48–1.97)

0.95

1.16 (0.37–3.62)

0.80

3 years old

LRTI

2.02 (0.93–4.41)

0.08

2.05 (0.76–5.56)

0.16

Croup

0.59 (0.20–1.77)

0.35

1.20 (0.24–5.97)

0.82

AOM

0.94 (0.77–1.45)

0.54

1.01 (0.18–6.56)

0.92

AGE

1.04 (0.89–1.20)

0.64

1.94 (0.44–8.65)

0.38

UTI

0.95 (0.81–1.12)

0.57

2.53 (0.29–21.90)

0.40

Hospital

1.21 (0.52–2.84)

0.66

1.16 (0.37–3.62)

0.80

  1. OR: odds ratio: adjusted for gender, mode of delivery, body weight and height, duration of breastfeeding, parental allergy, and maternal education
  2. *18 children had received iron supplement after the age of 1 year, and was included in the analysis at the ages 2 and 3 years
  3. LRTI: low respiratory tract infection (acute bronchiolitis and/or pneumonia)
  4. AOM: acute otitis media
  5. UTI: urinary tract infection
  6. AGE: acute gastroenteritis
  7. Hospital: hospitalization.