Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Tobacco-Free Cigarette Smoke Exposure Induces Anxiety and Panic-Related Behaviours in Male Wistar Rats

Figure 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Cigarette smoke effect on locomotor activity. Letters above the bars indicate significant differences between the groups (a) difference in relation to the control group; (b) difference between the cigarette groups) analysed by one-way and two-way ANOVA, followed by Newman Keuls post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 8–12 in each group). CG: control group; RC: regular cigarette; TFC: tobacco-free cigarette.

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