Figure 3

Effect of microbiota on gene expression related to neurotransmission pathways. Expression of genes related to neurotransmission pathways. ^aRepresents ionotropic receptors and ^brepresents metabotropic receptors. Transcript values measured by RT-PCR were first normalized to Gapdh (n = 3–9 for two weeks and n = 3–7 for four weeks). Comparison to M_PI-H values as fold changes are presented in heatmap format to highlight differential effects on gene expression in GF, M_PI-L and M_PI-H mice. *Indicates a statistical difference when compared to M_PI-H mice. In this pseudo-colored heat map, increasing red intensities indicate genes with higher expression levels compared to M_PI-H mice, and increasing blue intensities indicate genes with lower expression levels compared to M_PI-H mice.