Figure 4

Effects of microbiota on neuroinflammation. Relative brain transcripts of Il-1β (A), n = 3–9 at two weeks and n = 2–8 at four weeks of age), Tnf (B), n = 3–9 at two weeks and n = 2–6 at four weeks of age), and Nos1 (C), n = 3–8 at two weeks and n = 2–7 at four weeks of age) were measured by RT-PCR. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect the effects of age and microbiota among the groups. Post-hoc test was used to identify differences when a main effect was noted. Bars with indicates a significant difference between the two bars (at least p < 0.05).