Figure 5

RNA-seq analysis of liver samples of B6-mt^AKR and B6 displayed differential gene expression between the strains. (a) Differentially expressed genes between B6-mt^AKR and B6 mice. The volcano plot demonstrates the effect size versus the −log10 p-value of differentially regulated genes. Genes whose expression were p < 0.01 were plotted in red. All young and aged mice were included in the analysis. (b) Gene set enrichment analysis of genes whose expression was affected by the 12 A heteroplasmy levels. The network represents the significant gene sets as nodes; with the node color corresponding to the significance and the node diameter to the gene set size. Nodes are connected by edges if they share at least 20% of their genes. Areas highlighted in gray background indicate the most prominent function in the clustered nodes. (c) Gene set enrichment analysis of genes between young and aged mice. The same method as (b) was used for data analysis. (d) Biological process ontology terms commonly affected by aging and 12 A heteroplasmy levels. Of 23 significantly up-regulated biological processes controlled by both aging and heteroplasmy, metabolic processes were up-regulated in aged mice and mice with higher 12 A heteroplasmy levels. On the other hand, the mitochondrial processes were down-regulated.