Figure 1
From: Spin-orbit torques associated with ferrimagnetic order in Pt/GdFeCo/MgO layers
(a) Saturated net magnetization (M S ) for un-patterned Pt/GdFeCo/MgO films at room temperature. The magnitude of M S increases quasi-linearly with 1/t GdFeCo . (b) Effective anisotropy energy density \(({K}_{eff}{t}_{GdFeCo})\) as a function of t GdFeCo . Solid lines are the fit to \({K}_{eff}{t}_{GdFeCo}=({K}_{V}-2\pi {M}_{S}^{2})\,{t}_{GdFeCo}+{K}_{S}\) with empirical \({M}_{s}\approx a+b/{t}_{GdFeCo}\). (c,d) Depth-profile of film composition for t GdFeCo  = 3 or 20 nm and t MgO  = 2.7 nm, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show a stronger peak of Gd 3d near the interface with the MgO layer.
