Figure 3
From: The neural encoding of information prediction errors during non-instrumental information seeking

ERP waveforms and scalp maps. Grand average ERP waveforms and scalp maps for positive and negative reward prediction errors (A) and positive and negative information prediction errors (B) at electrode Cz. The dark blue waveform denotes a difference wave (negative - positive prediction errors), and the teal rectangle denotes the FRN measurement window (200–350 ms). Scalp maps display the topography of the mean difference wave over this measurement window. Circled frontocentral electrodes are those at which FRN amplitude was calculated for analysis. In both grand average waveforms and scalp maps, negative voltages are plotted upwards.