Table 2 Characteristics of participants according to the number of unhealthy behaviours (n = 38 903).
From: Unhealthy behaviours and risk of visual impairment: The CONSTANCES population-based cohort
Characteristics | Number of unhealthy behaviours | P value age and sex adjusteda | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
N (%) overall | 7 550 (19.41) | 22 373 (57.51) | 8 090 (20.80) | 890 (2.29) | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
Age, year | <0.0001 | ||||
[18–30] | 850 (11.26) | 3 636 (16.25) | 1 466 (18.12) | 1 (0.11) | |
[30–40] | 1 275 (16.89) | 4 942 (22.09) | 1 201 (14.85) | 34 (3.82) | |
[40–50] | 1 745 (23.11) | 5 388 (24.08) | 1 541 (19.05) | 146 (16.40) | |
[50–60] | 1 930 (25.56) | 4 565 (20.40) | 1 737 (21.47) | 281 (31.57) | |
[60–70] | 1 693 (22.42) | 3 669 (16.40) | 2 062 (25.49) | 409 (45.96) | |
≥70 | 57 (0.75) | 173 (0.77) | 83 (1.03) | 19 (2.13) | |
Sex | <0.0001 | ||||
Male | 2 361 (31.27) | 11 041 (49.35) | 4 304 (53.20) | 627 (70.45) | |
Female | 5 189 (68.73) | 11 332 (50.65) | 3 786 (46.80) | 263 (29.55) | |
Education | <0.0001 | ||||
≤Primary school | 441 (5.84) | 1 588 (7.10) | 888 (10.98) | 163 (18.31) | |
Secondary school | 846 (11.21) | 3 313 (14.81) | 1 404 (17.35) | 220 (24.72) | |
High School | 1 179 (15.62) | 3 909 (17.47) | 1 662 (20.54) | 152 (17.08) | |
≤Bachelor level | 2 071 (27.43) | 6 035 (26.97) | 1 883 (23.28) | 176 (19.78) | |
≥Master level or equivalent | 3 013 (39.91) | 7 528 (33.65) | 2 253 (27.85) | 179 (20.11) | |
Monthly Income, euros/household | <0.0001 | ||||
<1500 | 667 (8.83) | 2 136 (9.55) | 1 244 (15.38) | 158 (17.75) | |
1500–2800 | 1 859 (24.62) | 5 887 (26.31) | 2 277 (28.15) | 268 (30.11) | |
2800–4200 | 2 216 (29.35) | 6 874 (30.72) | 2 071 (25.60) | 234 (26.29) | |
≥4200 | 2 437 (32.28) | 6 335 (28.32) | 1 944 (24.03) | 186 (20.90) | |
No answer | 371 (4.91) | 1 141 (5.10) | 554 (6.85) | 44 (4.94) | |
Related diseases | |||||
Diabetes | <0.0001 | ||||
No | 7 341 (97.23) | 21 579 (96.45) | 7 601 (93.96) | 772 (86.74) | |
Yes | 209 (2.77) | 794 (3.55) | 489 (6.04) | 118 (13.26) | |
Hypertension | <0.0001 | ||||
No | 5 841 (77.36) | 16 894 (75.51) | 5 464 (67.54) | 428 (48.09) | |
Yes | 1 709 (22.64) | 5 479 (24.49) | 2 626 (32.46) | 462 (51.91) | |
Hypercholesterolemia | <0.0001 | ||||
No | 5 429 (71.91) | 16 679 (74.55) | 5 499 (67.97) | 441 (49.55) | |
Yes | 2 121 (28.09) | 5 694 (25.45) | 2 591 (32.03) | 449 (50.45) | |
Body mass index, kg/m² | <0.0001 | ||||
<25 | 5 213 (69.05) | 13 258 (59.26) | 3 961 (48.96) | 302 (33.93) | |
25–30 | 1 805 (23.91) | 6 805 (30.42) | 2 704 (33.42) | 342 (38.43) | |
≥30 | 532 (7.05) | 2 310 (10.32) | 1 425 (17.61) | 246 (27.64) | |
Alcohol consumption | <0.0001 | ||||
Never or light drinkers | 3 693 (48.91) | 7 692 (34.38) | 2 783 (34.40) | 210 (23.60) | |
Moderate drinkers | 3 354 (44.42) | 11 718 (52.38) | 3 726 (46.06) | 386 (43.37) | |
Heavy drinkers | 269 (3.56) | 2 312 (10.33) | 1 192 (14.73) | 245 (27.53) | |
No answer | 234 (3.10) | 651 (2.91) | 389 (4.81) | 49 (5.51) | |
MedDiet score | |||||
High (≥31) | 7 550 (100.00) | 2 074 (9.27) | 127 (1.57) | 0 (0.00) | |
I ntermediate (27–30) | 0 (0.00) | 9 133 (40.82) | 2 938 (36.32) | 244 (27.42) | |
Low (24–26) | 0 (0.00) | 5 778 (25.83) | 2 295 (28.37) | 244 (27.42) | |
Very low (0–23) | 0 (0.00) | 5 388 (24.08) | 2 730 (33.75) | 402 (45.17) | |
Physical activity | |||||
Highly active | 3 291 (43.59) | 9 146 (40.88) | 736 (9.10) | 0 (0.00) | |
Moderately active | 4 259 (56.41) | 11 636 (52.01) | 1 355 (16.75) | 0 (0.00) | |
Sedentary | 0 (0.00) | 1 591 (7.11) | 5 999 (74.15) | 890 (100.00) | |
Smoking (pack-year) | |||||
Never smokers | 4 428 (58.65) | 11 316 (50.58) | 3 153 (38.97) | 0 (0.00) | |
Moderate smokers (<20) | 3 122 (41.35) | 10 574 (47.26) | 2 719 (33.61) | 0 (0.00) | |
Heavy smokers (≥20) | 0 (0.00) | 483 (2.16) | 2 218 (27.42) | 890 (100.00) | |
