Table 3 Adjusted associations of blood pressure with 24-hour urinary potassium excretion at various levels of urinary sodium excretion.

From: Association patterns of urinary sodium, potassium, and their ratio with blood pressure across various levels of salt-diet regions in China

Subgroups of urinary sodium excretion

No.

24-hour urinary potassium excretion

Crude model

Adjusted mode1

Changes in BP (95% CI)

P value

Changes in BP (95% CI)

P value

Systolic blood pressure

All regions

    Sodium <5 g/day

15,658

−1.86 (−2.75, −0.97)

<0.01

−1.43 (−5.13, −3.50)

<0.01

    Sodium 5–6 g/day

10,002

−3.97 (−5.00, −2.94)

<0.01

−4.76 (−5.71, −3.80)

<0.01

    Sodium >6 g/day

15,815

−3.75 (−4.50, −3.00)

<0.01

−3.40 (−4.10, −2.70)

<0.01

Heavy-salt regions 2

    Sodium <5 g/day

6,730

−0.43 (−1.78, 0.92)

0.53

−3.38 (−4.63, −2.13)

<0.01

    Sodium 5–6 g/day

4,254

−3.62 (−5.21, −2.02)

<0.01

−5.27 (−6.75, −3.79)

<0.01

    Sodium >6 g/day

5,898

−2.30 (−3.56, −1.05)

<0.01

−3.02 (−4.21, −1.84)

<0.01

Moderate-salt regions 2

    Sodium <5 g/day

3,542

−1.07 (−3.02, 0.88)

0.28

−4.66 (−6.45, −2.87)

<0.01

    Sodium 5–6 g/day

2,948

−2.65 (−4.59, −0.72)

<0.01

−3.22 (−5.01, −1.44)

<0.01

    Sodium >6 g/day

6,361

−3.40 (−4.60, −2.21)

<0.01

−2.77 (−3.88, −1.67)

<0.01

Low-salt regions 2

    Sodium <5 g/day

5,386

−3.94 (−5.42, −2.46)

<0.01

−5.29 (−6.65, −3.94)

<0.01

    Sodium 5–6 g/day

2,800

−4.81 (−6.71, −2.90)

<0.01

−5.14 (−6.89, −3.38)

<0.01

    Sodium >6 g/day

3,556

−4.95 (−6.47, −3.44)

<0.01

−3.92 (−5.32, −2.52)

<0.01

Diastolic blood pressure

All regions

    Sodium <5 g/day

15,658

−0.28 (−0.77, 0.21)

0.27

−1.77 (−2.25, −1.30)

<0.01

    Sodium 5-6 g/day

10,002

−1.47 (−2.06, −0.88)

<0.01

−2.39 (−2.96, −1.82)

<0.01

    Sodium >6 g/day

15,815

−1.18 (−1.60, −0.76)

<0.01

−1.73 (−2.14, −1.32)

<0.01

Heavy-salt regions 2

    Sodium <5 g/day

6,730

0.19 (−0.55, 0.93)

0.62

−1.46 (−2.18, −0.74)

<0.01

    Sodium 5–6 g/day

4,254

−1.34 (−2.23, −0.44)

<0.01

−2.62 (−3.50, −1.75)

<0.01

    Sodium >6 g/day

5,898

−0.78 (−1.48, −0.09)

0.03

−1.92 (−2.61, −1.24)

<0.01

Moderate-salt regions 2

    Sodium <5 g/day

3,542

0.00 (−1.10, 1.10)

1.00

−2.06 (−3.11, −1.01)

<0.01

    Sodium 5–6 g/day

2,948

−0.95 (−2.07, 0.16)

0.09

−1.77 (−2.84, −0.70)

<0.01

    Sodium >6 g/day

6,361

−0.77 (−1.44, −0.10)

0.03

−1.08 (−1.73, −0.43)

<0.01

Low-salt regions 2

    Sodium <5 g/day

5,386

−1.00 (−1.82, −0.18)

0.02

−2.09 (−2.88. −1.30)

<0.01

    Sodium 5–6 g/day

2,800

−1.96 (−3.06, −0.86)

<0.01

−2.64 (−3.70, −1.58)

<0.01

vSodium >6 g/day

3,556

−2.11 (−2.97, −1.26)

<0.01

−2.22 (−3.05, −1.39)

<0.01

  1. Note: BP, blood pressure (mmHg); CI, confidence interval;
  2. 1Adjusted for age, sex, education level, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol intake.
  3. 2Per National Diet Salt Intake in 200228, PURE-China centers were classified three salt-diet regions: heavy-salt regions (>8 grams of daily salt intake) included Beijing, Jiangsu Province, Jiangxi Province, and Liaoning Province; moderate-salt regions (7 to 8 grams) included Qinghai Province, Shaanxi Province, and Shandong Province; low-salt regions (<7 grams) included Inner Mongolia, Sichuan Province, and Yunnan Province, Shanxi Province, and Xinjiang Province.
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