Figure 4

Growth properties of evolved clones. Doubling time of evolved lineages in different concentrations of (A) amikacin, (B) cefepime and (C) doxycycline. The doubling time of the evolved lineages was measured without antibiotic (0 × WT IC₉₀), in sub-inhibitory drug concentrations (0.25 × WT IC₉₀) and in 2, 4 and 8 fold of the WT IC₉₀. The doubling time was normalized to the ancestor WT grown in antibiotic free LB medium. Clones adapted to AMK, FEP, DOX and LB are displayed in yellow, blue, purple and green, respectively. The intensity of the color increases with the resistance level towards the drug they were evolved to. Growth curves of media adapted clones in (D) amikacin, (E) cefepime and (F) doxycycline. The growth curves of all 8 biological and 2 technical replicates of the media adapted clones reveal a huge difference in the growth phenotype in sub-inhibitory drug concentrations (black lines) and 2-fold WT IC₉₀ drug concentrations (grey lines).