Figure 4
From: Apple procyanidins promote mitochondrial biogenesis and proteoglycan biosynthesis in chondrocytes
Apple procyanidins promote proteoglycan biosynthesis in murine chondrocytes. Apple procyanidins, procyanidin B2 and (−)-epicatechin were added to ATDC5 cells (a, b) or primary chondrocytes (c, d). (a–c) The gene expression of Aggrecan (n = 5–6). (d) Proteoglycan levels when treated with 10 μg/ml procyanidin B2 (n = 3). Values are the mean ± standard deviation (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus control, Student’s t-test).
