Figure 8

mtDNA induces pDC cell lines to up-regulate TLR9 expression and induced the inflammatory response. (a) The expression levels of TLR9, MyD88, and NF-κB was significantly increased with mtDNA co-culture compared with those in the control. (b) Freshly isolated primary human pDCs were treated with oxidatively modified mtDNA in the absence or presence of a TLR9 antagonist (TTAGGG). The data are expressed as means ± SD. *P < 0.05 vs the sham group or H/R group.