Table 5 Formulation and proximate chemical composition of diets.

From: Chronic stress of high dietary carbohydrate level causes inflammation and influences glucose transport through SOCS3 in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Ingredients (%)

Diets

C8

C16

C24

Fish meal

57

57

57

Wheat gluten

13

13

13

Alpha-starch

5

5

5

Corn starch

1.7

9.7

17.7

Soybean lecithin

1

1

1

Fish oil

3.5

3.5

3.5

Choline chloride

0.4

0.4

0.4

Ethoxyquin

0.05

0.05

0.05

Mold inhibitor

0.1

0.1

0.1

Monocalcium phosphate

0.5

0.5

0.5

Vitamin premixa

0.6

0.6

0.6

Minerals premixb

0.5

0.5

0.5

Carboxymethyl cellulose

16.65

8.65

0.65

Proximate analysis

Dry matter (DM), % diet

96.80

97.23

96.96

Crude protein, % DM

49.59

49.60

50.04

Crude lipid, % DM

9.73

9.98

9.96

Reducing sugar, % DM

7.01

15.60

23.18

Ash, % DM

12.46

11.73

12.13

Gross energy (GE), kJ/g

18.93

19.06

19.20

  1. aVitamin premix (g kg−1 of mixture): microcrystalline cellulose, 16.473; VA, 0.032; VB1, 0.025; VB2, 0.045; VB6, 0.02; VB12, 0.01; VD, 0.035; VE, 0.24; VK, 0.01; calcium pantothenate, 0.06; nicotinic acid, 0.2; folic acid, 0.02; biotin, 0.06; inositol, 0.8; VC phosphate, 2.
  2. bMineral premix (g kg−1 of mixture): MgSO4·7H2O, 1.2; CuSO4·5H2O, 0.01; FeSO4·H2O, 0.08; ZnSO4·H2O, 0.05; MnSO4·H2O, 1.2; CuSO4·5H2O, 0.01; FeSO4·H2O, 0.08; ZnSO4·H2O, 0.045; CoCl2·6H2O (1%), 0.050 Na2SeO3 (1%), 0.02; calcium iodate, 0.06; zeolite powder, 8.485.
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