Table 1 Comparison of Characteristics between Subjects with and without NAFLD.

From: Correlation between ultrasound-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver and periodontal condition in a cross-sectional study in Japan

 

All

(n = 1226)

Without NAFLD

(n = 887)

With NAFLD

(n = 339)

P value†

Gender, (M/F)(%)*

772/454 (63.0%/37.0%)

491/396 (55.4%/44.6%)

281/58 (82.9%/17.1%)

<0.001

Age, years

50 (41, 58)

48 (40, 57)

53 (44, 59)

<0.001

BMI, kg/m2

22.4 (20.4, 24.7)

21.4 (19.6, 23.2)

25.5 (23.4, 27.2)

<0.001

WC, cm

79.0 (73.0, 85.0)

76.0 (70.0, 81.5)

87.0 (82.0, 92.0)

<0.001

Brinkman index

0.0 (0.0, 288.5)

0.0 (0.0, 200.0)

140.0 (0.0, 500.0)

<0.001

Present teeth (n)

28 (27, 29)

28 (27, 29)

28 (27, 29)

0.143

BOP, (Absence/Presence)(%)*

112/1114 (9.1%/90.9%)

83/804 (9.4%/90.6%)

29/310 (8.6%/91.4%)

0.740

Periodontitis, (PPD ≤ 3 mm/PPD ≥ 4 mm)(%)*

285/941 (23.2%/76.8%)

240/647 (27.1%/72.9%)

45/294 (13.3%/86.7%)

<0.001

Regular exercise habits, (Apply/Not apply)*

236/990 (19.2%/80.8%)

180/707 (20.3%/79.7%)

56/283 (16.5%/83.5%)

0.145

AST, U/L

16.0 (13.0, 20.0)

15.0 (12.0, 19.0)

20.0 (15.0, 26.0)

<0.001

ALT, U/L

16.0 (12.0, 22.0)

14.0 (11.0, 18.0)

25.0 (18.0, 36.0)

<0.001

GGT, U/L

18.0 (13.0, 28.0)

15.0 (12.0, 22.0)

27.0 (19.0, 42.0)

<0.001

SBP, mmHg

117.0 (107.0, 128.0)

114.0 (105.0, 125.0)

125.0 (116.0, 134.0)

<0.001

DBP, mmHg

72.0 (64.8, 80.0)

69.0 (62.0, 77.0)

78.0 (71.0, 85.0)

<0.001

HbA1c, %

5.4 (5.3, 5.6)

5.4 (5.2, 5.6)

5.6 (5.4, 5.9)

<0.001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

202.0 (180.0, 223.0)

200.0 (179.0, 222.0)

205.0 (181.0, 226.0)

0.117

Triglyceride, mg/dL

54.5 (46.0, 97.0)

57.0 (41.0, 80.0)

97.0 (68.0, 135.0)

<0.001

HDL, mg/dL

63.0 (51.0, 76.0)

67.0 (57.0, 79.0)

52.0 (45.0, 61.0)

<0.001

LDL, mg/dL

110.0 (93.0, 129.0)

107.0 (92.0, 125.0)

121.0 (100.0, 137.0)

<0.001

CRP, mg/dL

0.04 (0.01, 0.08)

0.03 (0.01, 0.06)

0.07 (0.04, 0.16)

<0.001

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as median (first quartile, third quartile) deviation.
  2. *n (%); †Chi-square test (Direct method of Fisher) or Mann Whitney U test.
  3. Abbreviations: NALFD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; M, male; F, Female; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; PPD, probing pocket depth; BOP, bleeding on probing; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein.
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