Table 1 The counted phytoliths and sponge spicules extracted from Gomphotherium molars of two species from the middle Miocene of the Halamagai Formation.

From: A grazing Gomphotherium in Middle Miocene Central Asia, 10 million years prior to the origin of the Elephantidae

Specimen

Grass phytoliths

Eudicots phytoliths

Unclassed phytoliths

Sponge spicules

Bilobates short cell

Bulliform

Rondel

Square/ rectanglar

Reed-type bulliform

Long cell

Hair cell/ Hair base

Irregular multifaceted

Elongate

Gomphotherium connexum V8573

5

6

3

10

5

0

15

9

10

7

G. connexum V8575

4

8

2

11

8

1

19

3

8

13

G. connexum V8576

13

8

5

12

9

3

22

7

11

10

G. connexum V18701

1

2

0

3

1

0

3

1

2

1

G. connexum V8574*

G. steinheimense V23283

25

20

9

15

12

4

0

0

10

5

? G. steinheimense V24891

3

3

0

2

0

0

0

0

0

0

  1. Note. A total count of 100 phytoliths/sponge spicules was made where possible. Phytolith morphologies are from taxonomies developed by previous studies12,21.
  2. *Dental calculus are missing in V8574 (G. connexum) due to severely damaged of the specimen.